130 CHINESB MATERIA MEDICA. 



CratcBgus piniiatifida^ and Cratcegus cnneata is llj ^ ^ 

 (Slian-li-kuo). The fruit of these commonest kinds is scarlet, 

 or dark-red, and almost as large as the frnit of Pyrus speclabiiis. 

 The frnit, when ripe, is sour and of a pleasant flavor, and 

 upon the addition of sugar is most readily converted into a most 

 delicious jelly or jam. The jam is a common article of sale 

 in the shops under the name of jl] |^ |j£ (Shan-cha-kaoi, 1084, 

 01' iJj it ff (Shan-cha-ping). The flesh of the fruit, after 

 the skin and core have been removed, is also sold under the 

 name of IJJ |f |^ (Shan-cha-jou), 1082. The fruit, sliced and 

 dried, is called jlj ;^ |^ (Shan-cha-kan), 1085. The whole 

 fruit is preserved in sugar and candied, and then strung upon 

 straws or slips of bamboo, and peddled upon the streets by 

 sweetmeat sellers, under the name of |f ^jj ^ (T*ang-liu-lu), 

 H % (T*ang-ch'iu), and [ll ifS ^ (Shan-cha-ch'iu). 



Another species, which is named !^ ^ ^ fCh'ih-chao- 

 tzu), is probably CratcBgus inacracantha. It grows in vShan- 

 tung to the height of five or six feet, and has a five pointed 

 leaf and thorny axils. Early in the spring it bears a small 

 white flower, which is followed by the pome ; this attaining to 

 the size of a small date. Another kind is known as ^ '^$. 

 (Mao-cha), *' reed haw ", or ff^ |^ (Hou-cha), " monkey haw ". 

 This tree grows to the height of several feet, and there are two 

 varieties ; one bearing a red fruit and the other a yellow. 

 The M. jyt (Shu-cha), "rat haw", and the "monkey haw" 

 are so named because the wild animals on the hills like to eat 

 them. The rat haw is also known, especially in the north, 

 ^s ill H ifl (Shan-li-hung), " red-on-the-hill ". Another 

 kind, having a very large, pear-shaped fruit, is known as ^ \^ 

 •^ (T'ang-ch'iu-tzu), and is probably Cratcegus Jiava. The use 

 of the character ^ may have been suggested by the resem- 

 blance of this fruit in appearance to Pyrus fruits, as this character 

 is almost a generic term for Pyrus. This latter species is not 

 used in medicine, but is employed in making the confection. 

 From another kind, called ^ |^; ^ ( Yang-ch'iu-tzu), which 

 is possibly Cratcegus parvifolia., is obtained a greenish or 

 yellowish fruit, which is not fit to eat until after it has been 

 exposed to frost. It is not used in medicine. The character 

 f^ in this name is also written \ji in the Pentsao^ but this 



