1891.] ESSAYS. 81 



When the Colorado potato beetle first made its appearance 

 among us we thought we must give up this important crop ; 

 but now we find that by proper vigilance the crop can be suc- 

 cessfully grown. 



So when we are almost discouraged in our attempts to grow 

 fruit or other farm or garden crops, relief seems near us and 

 we feel sure that we shall be able to combat all foes. 



It is to the consideration of some of the most destructive 

 insects and fungus enemies that I invite your attention. 



Perhaps we can best get at the most desirable methods of 

 using them by considering each fruit by itself. 



The Apple. The codling moth lays its eggs in the blossom 

 end of the apple soon after the blossoms fall, and continues to 

 lay them for a period of perhaps two weeks to a month. 



In some seasons and in some sections a second brood of eggs 

 is laid by the perfect insect of the first brood. 



The tent caterpiller and the canker worm feed upon the 

 foliage, beginning their work as soon as the leaves unfold, while 

 the plum curculio feeds upon the foliage and perhaps the 

 fruit, laying its eggs in the crescent-shaped cut it makes in the 

 skin. 



These pests may all be destroyed by the use of the arsenit, 

 Paris green. 



To accomplish this we must make the application just as soon 

 as the leaves unfold, to destroy the tent caterpillar and the 

 canker worm : and as soon as the petals drop, for the codhng 

 moth and the curculio. 



These applications must be made at intervals of from one 

 week to twenty days, according to the weather. If there should 

 be no rain after the first application for the tent caterpillar and 

 canker worm, another application will probably not be needed 

 until the one made to destroy the plum curculio and the codling 

 moth, and then the applications should be made at intervals of 

 from ten to fifteen days until July 1. 



During this time we also combat the fungous growths, which 

 under favorable conditions may begin work very early in the 

 season. The apple scab is a minute plant that grows upon the 

 surface of the apple-leaf and fruit, and while not penetrating 



