82 WORCESTER COUNTY HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. [1891. 



the tissue very deeply, stops the growth at the point attacked, 

 and we have the distorted or gnarly apples resulting from its 

 early attack, or scabby spotted apples when it appears later in 

 the season. 



Its eifect upon the leaf is, if in large numbers, to destroy the 

 functions, and it soon falls, or if only a few are found on the 

 leaf, it simply looks a little yellow, and the whole tree has an 

 unhealthy appearance. The past season it was so abundant 

 that those trees that blossomed and set a large crop of fruit 

 were so injured by it that they could not perfect their fruit. 



Upon a large tree in front of the house I occupy, so much of 

 the scab appeared that the leaves were constantly dropping 

 nearly all summer, and the lawn had to be raked several times 

 to get rid of the litter. 



To destroy this parasite, solutions of copper have been found 

 effectual, either in the form of the Bordeaux mixture, ammoni- 

 acal carbonate of copper, or simple carbonate of copper 

 mixture. 



While alone, the ammoniacal carbonate of copper has proved 

 the most efiectual. It cannot, however, be used with Paris 

 green or other arsenites ; and if we wish to reduce the cost of 

 the. remedy for both insect and fungous pests to the lowest 

 figures (and all know how little margin for profit we have 

 even when we do not have this difficulty to contend with) 

 we must combine the two remedies and apply both at one 

 operation. 



With the Bordeaux mixture and with the simple carbonate of 

 copper solution we can do this without fear of injury to the 

 foliage. It has been found, by experiments made at several of 

 the State stations, that Paris green and copper solutions can be 

 used with lime mixtures at the rate of from one pound to fifty 

 gallons of the mixture to one pound to one hundred gallons 

 without injury, some even claiming as concentrated as one 

 pound to twenty-five gallons. We also know that neither Paris 

 green nor sulphate of copper can be safely used upon the 

 foliage of our fruit trees in the required degree of concentra- 

 tion to destroy the above-mentioned foes, without serious injury 

 to the foliage. 



