180{).] ESSAYS. 67 



Treatment.— Spray with Bordeaux Mixture as soon as leaves appear and 

 repeat the same every two to four weeks, according to weather conditions, 

 until August. If later treatment is required use Ammoniacal Carbonate of 

 Copper one ounce to twelve gallons of water. 



Fire-Blight (Micrococcus amylovorus). Characterized by the almost in- 

 stantaneous dying of the leaves and branches. Also common in the Apple, 

 Quince, etc. 



Treatment. — No remedy is known except cutting away and burning the dead 

 branches. 



Apple. 



Scab (Fusicladium dendritium). Occurs in the fruit and leaves, appearing 

 in the latter as black, circular spots one-half inch or less in diameter. 



Tiratment. — Spray with Sulphate of Copper when flower buds are swelling, 

 then with Bordeaux Mixture just before blossoms open and agaiu after 

 blossoms have fallen. 



Rust (Roestelia pirata). Occurs in both fruit and leaves as bright yellow- 

 fringed, cup-like growths. 



Treatment. — Spray with Bordeaux Mixture as soon as leaves appear. One 

 other treatment is sufficient. 



Black-Rot (Sphaeropsis malorum"). Rotting of fruit. 



Treatment.— Same as the two preceding at fruit, but two treatments should 

 be applied after the fruit has set. 



For more details connected with spraying, the bulletins issued from the 

 Hatch Exp. Station should be consulted. These are furnished free to all 

 citizens of the State, and contain a spraying calendar, not only for fungi, but 

 for insects. 



Peach. 



Fruit-Mould (Monilia funtigena). Attacks the fruit, which becomes prema- 

 turely decayed, and is covered with an ash-colored mould. 



Treatment. — ^Two or three applications of Ammoniacal Carbonate solutions 

 after the fruit has formed is usually sufficient. 



Cherry. 



Fruit-Mould. Same as Peach. 



Plum. 



Fruit-Mould. Same as Peach and Cherry. 



Black-Knot (Plow-right in morbosa). Large black excrescences on the 

 branches. 



Treatment. — Very early and subsequent sprayings partially control it. 

 Kerosene emulsion will destroy the half-mature knots should they appear. 

 Mature ones shouid be removed with the branches that bear them. 



Grape. 



Downy-Mildew (Peronospero Viticola). Downy whitish areas on under 

 side of leaf. 



Powdery-Mildew (Uncinula spiralis). Whitish powdery spots in young 

 shoots and upper surface of the leaves. 



