242 REASONING. 



see or learn that an object possesses one of the two 

 attributes, to infer that it possesses the other ; thus 

 employing the first attribute as a mark or evidence of 

 the second. Thus regarded, every syllogism comes 

 within the following general formula : 



Attribute A is a mark of attribute B, 



A given object has the mark A, 

 therefore 



The given object has the attribute B. 



Referred to this type, the arguments which we 

 have lately cited as specimens of the syllogism, will 

 express themselves in the following manner : 



The attributes of man are a mark of the attribute 



mortality, 

 Socrates has the attributes of man, 



therefore 

 Socrates has the attribute mortality. 



And again, 



The attributes of man are a mark of the attribute 



mortality, 



The attributes of a king are a mark of the attri- 

 butes of man, 



therefore 



The attributes of a king are a mark of the attri- 

 bute mortality. 

 And lastly, 



The attributes of man are a mark of the absence 



of the attributes of a god, 



The attributes of a king are a mark of the attri- 

 butes of man, 



therefore 

 The attributes of a king are a mark of the absence of 



the attributes signified by the word god : 

 (or, are evidence of the absence of those attributes) . 



