FALLACIES OF GENERALIZATION. 431 



is something which can be traced also in hard water, 

 a hard knot, and a hard heart. 



The word Kivrjo-is in the Greek philosophy, and 

 the words Generation and Corruption both then and 

 long afterwards, denoted such a multitude of hetero- 

 geneous phenomena, that any attempt at philoso- 

 phizing in which those words were used was almost as 

 necessarily abortive as if the word hard had been 

 taken to denote a class including all the things men- 

 tioned above. Klvrjo-is, for instance, which properly 

 signified motion, was taken to denote not only all 

 emotion but even all change : aXXotW*? being recog- 

 nised as one of the modes of tclvrja^. The effect was, 

 to connect with every form of d\\ola)<Tis or change, 

 ideas drawn from motion in the proper and literal 

 sense, and which had no real connexion with any 

 other kind of Ktvqa-t,? than that. Aristotle and Plato 

 laboured under a continual embarrassment from this 

 misuse of terms. But if we proceed further in this 

 direction we shall encroach upon the Fallacy of Ambi- 

 guity, which belongs to a different class, the last in 

 order of our classification, Fallacies of Confusion. 



