600 LOGIC OF THE MORAL SCIENCES. 



assigned to the first institution of civil society a divine 

 origin. So differently did those judge who knew 

 savage man by actual experience, from those who had 

 no acquaintance with him except in the civilized state. 

 In modern Europe itself, after the fall of the Roman 

 empire, to subdue the feudal anarchy and bring the 

 whole people of any European nation into subjection 

 to government (although Christianity in its most con- 

 centrated form was co-operating with all its influences 

 in the work) required thrice as many centuries as have 

 elapsed since that time. 



tf Now if these philosophers had known human 

 nature under any other type than that of their own 

 age, and of the particular classes of society among 

 whom they moved, it would have occurred to them, 

 that wherever this habitual submission to law and 

 government has been firmly and durably established, 

 and yet the vigour and manliness of character which 

 resisted its establishment have been in any degree 

 preserved, certain requisites have existed, certain con- 

 ditions have been fulfilled, of which the following may 

 be regarded as the principal. 



"First: there has existed, for all who were 

 accounted citizens, for all who were not slaves, 

 kept down by brute force, a system of educa- 

 tion, beginning with infancy and continued through 

 life, of which, whatever else it might include, one 

 main and incessant ingredient was restraining disci- 

 pline. To train the human being in the habit, and 

 thence the power, of subordinating his personal 

 impulses and aims, to what were considered the ends 

 of society ; of adhering, against all temptation, to the 

 course of conduct which those ends prescribed ; of 

 controlling in himself all those feelings which were 

 liable to militate against those ends, and encouraging 



