84 EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE. 



at least o one of the winter, and one of the summer crops 

 should be manured. This is usually accomplished by 

 manuring part of the cotton and maize crops. 



Manures are applied to the land in three ways, ( 1 ) Broad- 

 cast before or after sowing (2) in the furrows before or 

 after sowing, (3) at the foot of each plant after or just 

 before thinning. The accompanying illustration shows 

 the various methods of distributing manure on ridges 

 after sowing the crop. On ridge I the manure is applied 

 to the side of the ridge below each plant ; in II the ma- 



FIG. 5. METHODS OP AI-PLYIXG MANUUK TO COTTON. 



nure is distributed along the bottom of the drill ; on 

 ridge IV the manure has been sown broadcast after 

 thinning, and is bad as the manure is applied so high that 

 it touches the stem of the plant, which will suffer when 

 the moisture on the plant dissolves the strong chemical 

 substances of the manure. It is also bad because part of 

 the manure lies higher than the level of watering and 

 can therefore be of no use to the plant. 



The diagram (Fig. 6) is intended to show the subsequent 

 movements of the manure when dissolved in the soil water. 

 On the first ridge, Avhere the manure has been applied below 



