1-ARM IMPLEMENTS. . 129 



The Battana is used for the purpose of making 

 ridges on the land for wheat, barley, maize and other crops 

 sown on the flat. These ridges are intended to facilitate the 

 even distribution of water when the crops are irrigated. 

 It is generally made of wood, and consist of a flat board 

 (or boards) ninety centimetres long, eighty-five centime- 

 tres wide ac the one end and thirty centimetres at the 

 other, with sides twenty -five centimetres deep along the 

 two sides which are equal in length. It thus resembles 



FIG. 28. Tin: UATTANA. 



a somewhat triangular shaped box, with the unequal ends 

 removed and no top to it. It is drawn over the land bot- 

 tom upwards and wide end first. The soil is gathered in 

 at the wide end, and in passing out at the narrow end it 

 is of course raised into a ridge. 



Kassabia or Scraper. The kassabia is an implement for 

 rem6ving soil from a higher to a lower level, and is indis- 

 pensable wherever irrigation is practiced as the more level 

 the land the more even the distribution of water over its 

 surface. It may be described as a large wooden shovel or 



