IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE. 105 



by filtration into open drains, third by filtration into pipe 

 drains. The first was unsatisfactory, the second good 

 and costing L.E. 4 per feddan and the third better still 

 but costing L. E. 12*8 a sum out of proportion to the 

 extra benefit. 



Pipes in Egypt are much too dear, although if a demand 

 arose they could probably be made at a price which would 

 warrant their use. In England pipes 7 J centimetres bore 

 cost L.E. 2 for a length of 300 metres. Where a small 

 drain already exists, it and its banks have a width of 

 4 metres. If pipes were laid in the drain at a cost including 

 transport and laying of L.E. 3 then 300 x 4 = 1200 square 

 metres of land would be recovered. If the land is worth 

 L.E. 42 per feddan, and on land of less value it would 

 hardly be worth while experimenting, the value of the 

 recovered land is L.E. 1 2 and the cost has been L.E. o. The 

 annual clearing of the open drain would be saved, and a 

 source of danger to animals would be removed. Damage 

 and loss of live stock frequently occur by animals falling 

 into open drains. 



A mole drain plough has been made by Messrs. 

 Fowler & Co. which they claim has done work which 

 remained satisfactory after forty years' test. There is a 

 frame carrying a strong share to which is attached a pointed 

 iron solid cylinder. This cylinder being drawn through 

 the soil at the depth of one metre leaves behind it a bore 

 hole which serves as a drain. By attaching a wire rope 

 on which pipes are strung these can be drawn into the 

 bore, but in clay soil the pipes can be dispensed with. It 

 requires a ploughing engine of at least 16 H. P. to work 



