FARM IMPLEMENTS OF IRRIGATION. 171 



channel. Elaboration of this very simple method stops 

 short when a leather skin basin is used as the dipper and 

 when two small mud pillars have been built behind the 

 men to rest their buttocks on and prevent their falling 

 back when leaning outwards after discharging the dipper. 

 Stooping forward and lowering his hands, then swing- 

 ing them up to the level of his head a man has a range 







FJC. .13. THE XATTALA. 



of arm 1*25 m. and this is the extreme height for judicious 

 use of the nattala whilst 1 metre is a better height for it. 

 About 5 metres per hour is the assumed discharge by a 

 nattala. 



Shadoof. Two posts or earth pillars are erected with a 

 cross-piece on which is pivoted a long lever. On the short 

 arm of the lever is fixed a stone, or large ball of mud, as a 



