FARM IMPLEMENTS <>F IRRIGATION. 185 



be calculated. Small pumps in bad order, with foul boilers, 

 badly stoked, will use 8 or 10 times the amount of coal in 

 proportion to the work done by large pumping engines. 



Oil engines are coming into extensive use in Egypt. 

 So long as petroleum keeps at a moderate price they are 

 economical. 



These oil engines are sized according to Brake Horse 

 Power (B.H.P.), being the actual power given off at the 

 shaft or by the fly-wheel. A 20-B.H.P. oil engine would 

 have about the same power as a 10-H.P. portable or fixed 

 engine. Oil consumption is from "75 to 1 Ib per B.H.P. 

 per hour. A case of 2 tins of petroleum weighs 66 Ibs., 

 and would run a 20-B.H.P. engine from 3 J to 4 hours. 

 An engine of that size would run a 12-inch pump on a 

 4-metre lift, or when not pumping would work a corn 

 mill with stones 1 metre diametre. Alcohol engines have 

 also been introduced but are not yet in general use. 

 A great deal of alcohol is manufactured at the sugar facto- 

 ries in Upper Egypt and, with a cheap local supply of 

 this product, alcohol engines should be more generally 

 used. In the Sudan, where petroleum is exceedingly dear, 

 and where coal has not yet been found, alcohol might be 

 manufactured in a cheap description of still, from any 

 vegetable product containing starch or sugar. 



Electric-driven pumps are little used in Egypt. A large 

 Daira with numerous pumps, within a small radius, might 

 generate power economically at one central station and 

 distribute it by wire to the different pumps or the 

 power of certain Nile cataracts might be utilised for 

 pumping. The possible cases in Egypt for the use of 



