207 



inequality is greater than ten centimetres the levelling is 

 done by the kassabia or bullock -scoop, similar to the Ame- 

 rican road scraper but without wheels (Fig. 29). The high 

 land is ploughed and then the scoop comes, drawn by two 

 bullocks. It is dragged through the ploughed land to fill 

 it and it is this filling which is the heaviest strain on the 

 bullocks. The scoop when full is drawn to the place where 

 soil is required and upset to empty its load. Levelling 

 is exceedingly laborious and costly work. A minimum 

 slight lowatting to rectify quite insignificant inequalities 

 will take five days' work per feddan of a pair of bullocks. 

 In levelling with the scoop, a good deal of labour may 

 IK- saved if the land to be levelled is divided into plots of 

 moderate size. The following diagrams illustrate this. 



100 METRES 



50 



70 METRES 



FKJ. G2. DfAORAM. 



To level this plot. 525 cubic metres per foddan arc 

 moved an average distance of 70 metres. 



If the same plot is divided into two by a drain and 

 made into two plots, one 50 centimetres higher than the 

 other, the work is* greatly reduced, being only one 

 fourth of the above. 



The work is now 262 cubic metres per feddan moved 

 35 metres or half the quantity to half the distance (Fig. 63). 



