This fact is again demonstrated in a very clear manner 

 by Dr. Voelcker in his " Report on Indian Agriculture " 

 as follows : " In parts where rainfall is sufficient, man- 

 ure alone may have to be sought, and where there is 

 freshly reclaimed or virgin soil, or land enriched by 

 silt, the supply of water alone may suffice ; but these 

 conditions seldom prevail. In the course of my en- 

 quiries I found that in every part where rainfall was light, 

 water and manure were mentioned together, and it may 

 be said without fear of contradiction, that one is neces- 

 sary to the other, and that without the presence of both, 

 the full benefit of neither will be obtained." This is 

 well set forth in the following extract from the u Report 

 of the Director of Land Records and Agriculture, Bom- 

 bay Presidency 1888-1891":-- "It cannot be doubted 

 that (1) character and distribution of rainfall, (2) 

 want of capital, and (3) want of manure, are the most 

 important factors which regulate the demand for canal 

 irrigation. As regards manure, the difficulty is great. 

 Irrigated crops trench on the temporary fertility of the 

 soil, which must be restored either by manure or rest. 

 Irrigation, therefore, cannot be carried beyond the limits 

 where the supply of available manure is fixed," 



In Upper Egypt, where in the most favoured basins, a 

 good deposit of silt has been obtained, and where no irri- 

 gation water is applied, the question of manure does not 

 arise, but immediately artificial irrigation is resorted 

 to the need for fertilizers at once arises. Even in the rich 

 basin lands, where summer crops are grown by means of 

 water from wells after the removal of the ordinary winter 



