2Gti EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURE. 



sion in the supply of water, however, necessitates an in- 

 creased supply of manure, and this can be amply illustrated 

 in Upper Egypt. The extension of perennial irrigation 

 in that region will undoubtedly call for an increase in the 

 supply of manure. 



In places a considerable portion of the basin lands 

 receives manure. Wherever artificial watering is resorted 

 to, either by wells or direct from the river, it is found 

 that manure is necessary to produce full crops. In the 

 most southern provinces, where the basin land is of 

 poorer quality, it is found more profitable to water 

 and manure, rather than to grow the cereal crops trusting 

 only to the water received from the flood. In the pro- 

 vinces of Upper Egypt, considerable areas of qedi or 

 summer dourra (sorghum) are grown, which in the basin 

 lands is off the land, before the arrival of the flood, and 

 which is followed by the ordinary winter crops. As a 

 general rule it may be said that this crop is always 

 manured. 



Ordinary maize is also grown in the northern provinces 

 on basin lands which are high, or protected by small 

 dykes, in such a manner that it does not become flooded 

 until late, when the crop is practically ripe. This crop is 

 also heavily manured. 



We may say therefore that when water is artificially 

 employed, that is to say on the whole of the perennially 

 irrigated lands or when used on land actually under basin 

 irrigation, manure is required. 



In the southernmost provinces of Assouan and Keneh 

 the manure question is of very considerable importance. 



