ADDITIONS TO THE REVISED EDITION OF 1880. 259 



been sharply controverted. The objections to this theory are based 

 upon the negative results of experiments made upon the lower ani- 

 mals, into whose air-passages blood has been injected (Perl and 

 Lipmanri). Sommerbrod, however, in his experiments, found cellu- 

 lar elements in the alveoli injected, and the signs of a catarrhal 

 pneumonia ; hence, such processes should also follow a bronchial 

 haemorrhage in the human subject ; and that they do follow is 

 indicated by the fever, pain, and small rales in the affected part of 

 the lung, which arise a few days after the bleeding. Sommerbrod 

 thinks that, although healthy persons with sound lungs may easily 

 get well of their circumscribed pneumo-catarrh, yet in delicate per- 

 sons, of phthisical habit, caseous degeneration and phthisis may 

 well follow. This presumption of a phthisical tendency may also 

 be pleaded to the question, How is it that in pulmonary infarction, 

 in which bleeding into the alveoli also occurs, there is no tendency 

 to consumption ? Some observers decidedly deny Niemeyer's hy- 

 pothesis. Buhl looks upon the bleedings as the consequence (never 

 as the cause) of a necrotic and tuberculous inflammation of the lungs. 

 He holds that caseous pneumonia may arise as suddenly and inde- 

 pendently as croupous pneumonia may (in which case it must be 

 difficult to determine whether haemorrhage be the cause of the in- 

 flammation, or vice versa). Buhl, moreover, maintains that neither 

 catarrhal nor croupous pneumonia nor chronic bronchial catarrh 

 (and still less pulmonary or bronchial haemorrhage) ever induces 

 caseous pneumonia without a preexisting special tendency to it ; 

 and even then, not unless there be an actually declared parenchym- 

 atous pneumonia. At present the matter is still sub judice. 



3. P. 157. 



In bad cases the hypodermic injection of Boujeatfs ergotin 

 should not be neglected (0.05 to 0.25 pro dosi). Ext. secal. cornut. 

 aquaeos. 1.0, glycerine 2.0, aq. dest. 3.0. S. one gramme, to be in- 

 jected. 



4. P. 159. 



Weber points out that in many organs some of the arteries pass 

 directly into the veins without the medium of capillaries ; so that 

 emboli which would pass the pulmonary system might afterward 

 lodge in the kidney. 



5. P. 164. 



Under certain conditions a soluble infectious substance enters 

 the blood with the embolus. This substance either is generated in 

 some foul, suppurating, or gangenous spot within the body, or else 



