630 AFFECTIONS OF THE INtfESTlKAL CANAL. 



still better results from the santonate of soda, in doses of gr. ij iv, 

 given morning and evening for several days. A laxative should 

 always be given after the use of worm-seed, or its preparations. 

 Other anthelmintics for expelling round worms may be dispensed 

 with. 



Enemata suffice to drive the oxyuris from the rectum. Even 

 injections of cold water, with a little vinegar, are very efficacious ; 

 but they should be very large, so as to reach any of the worms that 

 may be up in the sigmoid flexure, and they should be used for a 

 long time. In obstinate cases we may add a weak solution of cor- 

 rosive sublimate (gr. J to ij) to the enema. 



[Tape- worms may be several feet long, without mouth or alimen- 

 tary canal, nourished by endosmosis, and composed of numerous 

 band-like links attached together, and growing from the upper small- 

 er end of the worm, which is called the head or nurse ; .each of these 

 links when fully formed is an independent animal, with male and 

 female sexual organs; and after separating from the other links, 

 when fresh, it shows life and motion. Besides the sexual organs, 

 there is a vascular apparatus, which, however, has only an excretory 

 function, as is evinced by the fact that at certain places, especially 

 at the back end of the last links, these canals open outwardly and 

 evacuate their contents. Tape-worms have so-called suction fossae 

 and sickle-shaped hooks on their heads, by means of which they ad- 

 here to the intestinal mucous membrane. 



It is possible that the eggs from the links of tape- worm may es- 

 cape into the bowels, and, being caught in the folds of the mucous 

 membrane, may be freed from their covering ; then, under the name 

 of cysticerci, they may locate in muscles, subcutaneous tissue, brain, 

 eye, etc. So there would seem to be a possibility of a patient with 

 tape-worm infecting himself with trichinae. 



A combination of pumpkin-seed 3 x, bruised with sugar 3 iss, 

 and made into a paste with water ss, to which is added ether, 

 extract of male fern 3 i, and then water enough to make 5 vj. 

 This is to be taken before breakfast, in four doses at intervals of 

 fifteen minutes. Or the pumpkin-seeds may be given alone in an 

 emulsion. Dr. Armour records a case where a child five days old 

 passed a tsenia solium ; the mother, who had shown no signs of 

 tape-worm, was then treated with pumpkin-seed, and passed sev- 

 enty links. 



This remedy may be preferred to others for children, in whom 

 the greater sensitiveness of the digestive organs requires manage- 

 ment of doses. As the tape- worm is just as vigorous in them as in 

 adults, the cure is usually less certain, and it has even been recom- 



