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sowing the seed broadcast, and setting them out 

 afterwards to twelve or eighteen inches distance 

 each way. The best season for sowing is the 

 autumn. The plants will furnish plenty of 

 leaves for use the first year, but more abundantly 

 the second, and continue for several seasons 

 afterwards by cutting down and clearing away 

 the old stems every autumn. The young plants 

 of this sort may likewise be transplanted into 

 beds in the summer or autumn, as occasion may 

 require ; and they may also be increased by 

 slips from the roots ; but this is not so good a 

 way as by seeds. 



In the cultivating of Firtochio, care should be 

 taken to procure good seeds, which for the first 

 crop should be sown in March ; and occasion- 

 ally for successions till July. These sowings should 

 be performed in drills at the distance of two feet 

 from each other, set out by means of a line, the 

 seeds being scattered in and covered with line 

 earth to the depth of half an inch. When the 

 plants are risen to the height of a few inches 

 the weeds should be hoed out, and the plants 

 afterwards occasionally thinned to the di- 

 stance of eight or ten inches. In this way 

 there will be sufficient room for the bases of the 

 stems to swell out in. After the stems have 

 begun to swell out and distend themselves, they 

 should be carefully earthed up when perfectly 

 dry, on both sides, in order that the bulbous 

 parts may be blanched and rendered tender, 

 which is mostly effected in the course of a fort- 

 night or three weeks. The late or autumn crop 

 should be protected from the frosts by being co- 

 vered with peas-halm, or any similar covcr- 



A light rich soil is the most suitable for this 

 plant. 



A small bed of this sort of plants will be suf- 

 ficient for a family. 



ANGELICA, a genus comprising several 

 herbaceous perennial plants of large growth. 



It belongs to the class and order Pentandria 

 Digynia, and ranks in the natural order of Um- 

 betlntee. 



The characters are : that the calyx is an uni- 

 versal umbel, manifold and roundish, partial, 

 and when flowering exactly globular : the invo- 

 lucre universal, three or five-leaved and small, 

 partial, eight-leaved and small : the perianthium 

 proper, five-toothed, and scarcely observable : 

 the corolla universal and uniform ;. the floscules 

 all fertile, partial, having five equal petals, lan- 

 ceolate, flatfish, incurved and caducous : the 

 stamina consisting of simple filaments longer 

 than the corolla : the anthers simple : the pis- 

 lillum an inferior germ : the style reflex : the 

 stigmas obtuse ; no pcricarpium : the fruit 



roundish, angular, solid, and bipartite : the 

 seeds two, ovate, flat on one side and mar- 

 gined, convex on the other and scored with 

 three lines. 



The species of most importance are : \. A. 

 archangclka, Garden Angelica ; 2. A. lucida, 

 Shining Angelica ; 3. A. alio-purpurea, Purple 

 Angelica. 



In the first the root is thick, branched, and 

 very long, being brown on the outside and 

 white within: the leaves pinnate, with the ex- 

 treme leaflet three-lobed ; universal umbel co- 

 pious, rays sixty, angular, partial globular ; in- 

 volucre frequently one-leafed ; involucels many- 

 leaved, ten, linear, reflex : the petals ovate, 

 acute, greenish or pale purple, caducous : the 

 filaments white : the fruit elliptic, swelling, 

 lens-shaped, slightly emarginate at both ends, 

 grooved and winged, whitish or pale straw-co- 

 lour, splitting into two seeds, which are con- 

 vex on one side, with a stiff marginal wing, 

 and three on the back similar to it ; flat on the 

 other side, with a single raised longitudinal 

 streak. It is a native of' the northern parts of 

 Europe, and flowers with us from June to Au- 

 gust. 



The second species has the whole plant 

 smooth : the root biennial : the stem from a 

 foot to two feet in height, the thickness, of a- 

 finger at least, round, sometimes straight, some- 

 times flexuose, branched, hollow, striated espe- 

 cially towards the top : the leaves bipimiatc, 

 rising from a large, striated sheath : the root- 

 leaves tripinnate : the leaflets lanceolate or ovate, 

 the outmost confluent with the next pair : the 

 umbels and umbellules convex and close ; rays 

 striated ; universal involucre of about five nar- 

 row-lanceolate, mucronate leaflets : the leaflets 

 of the partial involucre are about as many as 

 there are outer rays of the umbellule ; they are 

 subulate and acuminate: the petals of a dirty 

 whitish or very pale yellow colour : the anthers 

 twin and yellowish ; seeds brown, of a hot 

 aromatic flavour, with little smell. It flowers 

 in June, and the seeds ripen in August. It is a 

 native of Canada. 



In the third species the stem is six feet high, 

 fistulous and jointed, polished, and of a dark 

 purple, with a glaucous bloom : the common 

 petioles sheathing, streaked, partial compressed, 

 and channelled : the leaflets oblong and sublo- 

 bate, with the serratures white at the tip, veined, 

 naked, pale underneath, and mostly sessile : the 

 umbels three, terminal ; sheaths two, opposite, 

 purple and leafy at the top ; common peduncle 

 round, partial angular,, or furrowed ; proper 

 polished : it has.no involucre. Involucels with, 

 twelve subulate leaflets, the length of the urn- 

 1 



