A R A 



A R B 



in the spring, as soon as procured from America, 

 in pots of light, earth, being thinly covered with 

 mould, and then brought forward -by having 

 them placed in a very gentle hot-bed. If the 

 plants do not appear in the first spring after be- 

 ing sown in this way, they should be kept clear 

 from weeds till the following autumn, and then 

 plunged into an old tan-bed, being protected in 

 the winter ; and in the very early part of the 

 succeeding spring removed into a gentle hot-bed, 

 to get them forward and of vigorous growth. 

 Where bark -beds are not at hand, the pots may 

 be placed out on warm sheltered borders, being 

 carefully protected during the winter by a garden 

 frame or other means ; but the hot-bed is the 

 best mode. In either method, as soon as the 

 plants are up they should have water given them 

 occasionally, and be well shaded from the sun in 

 the summer months; fresh air being admitted 

 pretty freely to them in mild weather, in order 

 to prevent their growing up weakly. 



The plants should not be disturbed the first 

 season; but as in their early growth they are 

 often injured by frost, in October the pots should 

 be placed under a frame, where they may be 

 well screened, but constantly opened to enjoy 

 the free air in fine weather. In the following 

 sprinsr, before thev begin to push, they should 

 be carefully shaken out of the pots, and sepa- 

 rated ; part of them being planted singly into 

 small pots, and the other in abed of light earth 

 in a warm situation. When those planted in 

 small pots are plunged in a moderate hot-bed, it 

 greatly forwards their growth ; but they should 

 be inured to the open air as much as possible. 

 In the following summer they should have a 

 shady situation, and the next winter be sheltered 

 again ; and the spring following they may be 

 shaken out of the pots, and planted where they 

 are to remain. The plants which were planted 

 in the bed will require protection from frost the 

 first winter; but if the surface of the ground 

 be covered with old tan, it will prevent it from 

 penetrating to their roots ; and if in hard frosts 

 some straw, peas-haulm, or any light covering- 

 be laid over the bed, it will secure their stems 

 from being injured. The plants in these, beds 

 should remain two years, by which time they 

 will be sufficiently strong to transplant into the 

 place's where they arc to grow. These plants, 

 from their not coming out early in the spring, 

 often continue growing late in the autumn, 

 which causes the extreme parts of their shoots 

 to be tender, by which they often suffer from 

 the early frosts in autumn, which frequently 

 kill the upper parts of the shoots ; but as their 

 woody stems are seldom injured, they put out 

 new branches below; and if in very .severe win- 



ters the stems are destroyed, the roots remain, 

 and put out new ones in the following sum- 

 mer. 



In the raising of these plants by the roots, 

 some of the strongest should be. separated from 

 the old plant, and left in the ground to send up 

 new shoots; or pieces may be cut off and planted 

 in pots, and then plunged in a moderate hot- 

 bed, by which they readily send up shoots and 

 form plants. 



In the second and third sorts the seeds should 

 always be sown in the autumn as soon as they 

 become ripe, as there is much loss of time by 

 sowing them in the spring, from their seldom 

 coming up the same year. In the following au- 

 tumn, when their leaves decay, the plants may 

 be taken up by the roots, and planted out 

 where they are to remain. 



They are likewise capable of. being raised by 

 dividing the roots, which should be performed 

 at the same period as the above, the plants being 

 set out at considerable distances. 



The general management in all the sorts h 

 only that of keeping them perfectly clean and 

 free from weeds. 



The first is a plant of the most ornamental 

 kind, which should have a place in the large 

 borders and clumps of gardens and pleasure- 

 grounds, where they are- the most exposed to- 

 view. It is deciduous in leaf. 



The two last are plants of the herbaceous kind, 

 and from their hardy nature well suited for 

 affording variety in shaded wilderness situa- 

 tions. 



ARBOR, a plant of the perennial kind, that 

 rises with a lasting simple ligneous stem or 

 trunk to a considerable height and thickness. 

 It is used to signify a tree in opposition to a 

 shrub. See Tree and Skrul. 



ARBOUR, a small ornamental shady retreat, 

 formed in gardens and pleasure-grounds, with 

 various sorts of trees and shrubs, placed in such 

 a manner as to inclose a certain space, and make 

 a kind of seat or recess for the hot summer sea- 

 son. Places of this kind were formerly much 

 more fashionable and in higher estimation than 

 at present. They are commonly formed of 

 evergreens, as yew, privet, &c. planted very 

 close, having the sides trained erect, six, eight, 

 or ten feet in height, and the tops formed in va- 

 rious shapes over frames or lattice-works of 

 wood or iron for the purpose, having openings 

 of different kinds formed on the sides, the 

 whole being cut or clipped over annually to keep 

 them in proper order, which in many eases and 

 situations have a good effect. They may also be 

 formed of deciduous trees, particularly the elm, 

 and sometimes with the hornbeam, beech, and 



