ART 



ART 



winter use, as about July and August ; but for 

 the marygold, chamomile flowers, and those of 

 lavender, as well as sage tops, marjoram, hyssop, 

 and such like, which often stand the winter, au- 

 tumn may be better, as they will then be ready, 

 in case of a severe winter. Parsley generally 

 furnishes proper supplies of green leaves all the 

 year; basil and dill only in summer; chervil and 

 coriander, principally in summer and autumn, 

 of the spring and summer sowings; or if some 

 of each be also sown in August, they will con- 

 tinue green all winter: but the coriander re- 

 quires a little protection in that season ; and the 

 carawav, anise, and angelica, continue only in 

 summer and autumn. 



In the culture of these plants, the perennial 

 sorts, being planted in beds or borders, continue 

 there, as just observed, several years, and only 

 require to be kept clean from weeds in summer 

 and autumn, and to be cut down, and the de- 

 cayed stalks removed at the latter season ; and 

 in spring to give the beds, &c. a neat dressing, 

 t>v clearing them of all weeds and litter, and 

 then loosening the ground a little between the 

 plants; and in some of the close running kinds, 

 as the mints, &c, to spread some earth thinly over 

 the general surface about them. When any par- 

 ticular sorts appear in a declining state, fresh plan- 

 tations should be made in the proper season. 



As to the annual sorts, they only require to be 

 kept clean from weeds during their growth and 

 continuance, and that fresh supplies be raised 

 every year from seed. 



ARTEMISIA, a genus comprising many per- 

 ennial herbaceous and shrubby plants of the 

 Mugwort, Wormwood, and Southernwood 

 kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Syngenesia 

 Polygamia AZqitalis, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Compositce Nucamentacece. 



The characters of which are : that the calyx 

 is common roundish and imbricate : scales 

 rounded and converging : the corolla compound : 

 corollules hermaphrodite, tubular, several, in 

 the disk : females almost naked, in the circum- 

 ference : proper of the hermaphrodite funnel- 

 shaped : border live-cleft : the stamina in the 

 hermaphrodites have capillary filaments, very 

 short : the anthem cylindric, tubular, five- 

 toothed : the pistillum in the hermaphrodites a 

 small germ : style filiform, the length of the 

 stamina: stigma bifid and revolute : in the fe- 

 males the germ very small : style filiform, longer 

 than in the hermaphrodites : the stigma similar : 

 no pericarpium : the calyx scarcely changed : 

 the seeds solitary and naked : the receptacle flat, 

 naked, or villose. 



The species most cultivated are : 1 . A. Absin- 

 X 



thrum, Common Wormwood ; 2. A. arhorescens, 

 Narrow-leaved Tree Wormwood ; 3. A. argentea, 

 Broad-leaved Tree Wormwood; 4. A. Abrota- 

 num., Southernwood; 5. A. Santonica, Tartarian 



Southernwood; 6. A. Dracunculus, Tarragon. 



The first has a perennial branching root : the 

 stems from a foot and half to two feet and up- 

 wards in height, upright, grooved, whitish with 

 a very short nap, especially towards the top, 

 branched, the branches making half a right 

 angle with the stem : the leaves are petioled, 

 pinnate-multifid, pinnas alternate (five to seven), 

 the subdivisions, especially of the lower leaves, 

 wide, irregular and unequal, the extreme seg- 

 ments blunt ; they are tomentose on both sides, 

 and very soft ; the young ones silvery white, but 

 as they advance the whiteness wears oft' till they 

 become green to the eye on the upper surface ; 

 the lower leaves are on very long angular pe- 

 tioles, deeply channelled above : the leaflets are 

 decurrent along the partial foot-stalks : on the 

 stem-leaves they are narrower, and retain their 

 whiteness longer : the uppermost leaves among 

 the flowers are trifid or even simple, sessile and 

 bluntly lanceolate : the flowers are in racemes, 

 continued half the length of the stem, each 

 from the axil of a leaf, directed one way, nod- 

 ding : the calyx hemispherical, with scales 

 bluntly ovate, very tomentose, having membra- 

 naceous edges : florets fifty and upwards in a 

 single flower, dusky yellow, scarcely longer 

 than the calyx ; with about fifteen naked female 

 florets in the circumference : the seeds are 

 small, ovate, oblong, pale and naked : the re- 

 ceptacle flattish, covered with white silky villose 

 hairs, shorter than the calyx. It flowers from 

 July to October. 



The second species rises with a woody stalk 

 six or seven feet high, sending out many woody 

 branches, with leaves somewhat like those of 

 Common Wormwood, but more finely divided, 

 and much whiter : the branches are terminated 

 by spikes of globular flowers in the autumn, but 

 are seldom followed by seeds here. It is a native 

 of the Levant. 



In the third the whole plant is of a silvery co- 

 lour : the receptacle is villose. It is a native of 

 Madeira, and flowers in June and July. 



The fourth species is an under-shrub seldom 

 rising more than three or four feet high : the 

 leaves are alternate, petioled, multilid; leaflets 

 linear, very narrow, pale green, tomentose-sca- 

 brous ; less divided towards the top, till they be- 

 come trifid and even linear next the flowers ; 

 which come forth in linear, upright racemes, or 

 spikes, from the axils at the extremities of the 

 branches, on one-flowered peduncles ; they are 

 small, abundant, nodding, and yellow ; but 



