ART 



ART 



rarely open in this climate. It is a native of 

 Italy. 



The fifth is upright : the stem panicled, ra- 

 ther hoary : the lower leaves pinnate-multitid, 

 linear, hoary : branches wand-like : the racemes 

 or spikes alternate, recurved, with the flowers 

 all directed the same way ; the pedicels with 

 here and there linear, bluntish, recurved leaves : 

 the flowers solitary and cylindric. In the fruit- 

 ing plant all the stems are upright, and lose 

 their hoariness : the leaves on the branches are 

 very small, linear and undivided : the receptacle 

 naked. It is a native of Persia, and flowers 

 from September to November. 



The sixth species has the root perennial : the 

 stem stiff", smooth, branching, from a foot to 

 two feet in height : the leaves petioled and green 

 on both sides : two or three peduncles from the 

 axils, pressed to the branch : the flowers are in 

 a kind of spike, all directed the same way : ca- 

 lyxes roundish, with oblong, smooth, imbri- 

 cate scales : florets vellow, small : hermaphro- 

 dites twelve; females six: the seeds reddish- 

 brown, streaked and naked : the receptacle is flat, 

 glutinous, honeycombed and naked. It is a 

 native of Siberia, and flowers in August. 



Culture. — These plants may be propagated 

 with facility in different ways, according to the 

 different sorts. The first may be easily raised, 

 either from the seeds sown in the autumn, or 

 by suffering them to scatter. It may likewise 

 be increased by parting the roots, or from slips 

 planted out in the summer season. 



The second and third species may be increased 

 from cuttings, by planting them in shaded situa- 

 tions in the summer season, water being fre- 

 quently given them until they have stricken 

 root. In autumn the young plants should be 

 removed into pots, and have the protection of a 

 garden-frame during the winter. In mild win- 

 ters they sometimes succeed on a warm border. 



The fourth species is readily increased by slips 

 or cuttings planted out in shady places in the 

 early spring months, water being occasionally 

 given when the weather is dry till the plants 

 have taken root. In the autumn the plants 

 should be removed into pots, or the places 

 where they are to remain. The fifth sort may 

 be managed in the same way ; but should have 

 a more dry soil and sheltered situation, and a 

 few plants potted to be placed under a frame 

 during the winter. 



The last sort is readily propagated by its 

 creeping roots, or by planting the young shoots 

 in April or May in the same manner as in mint, 

 water being freely given when the season is dry. 

 This is a hardy perennial, used in salads for its 



warm stomachic property. The leaves may 

 likewise be employed as a pickle. 



Some of these plants may be made use of, as 

 being ornamental, in clumps and borders lor va- 

 riety, and the tree kinds may have a place in the 

 green-house. 



ARTICHOKE. Sec Cvnara. 



ARTICHOKE, JERUSALEM. See Heli- 



ANTHUS. 



ARTOCARPUS, a genus comprehending 

 trees of the tall-growing exotic kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Motwecia 

 ■Monandria, and ranks in the natural order of 

 UrticoB, 



The characters are : that in the male flowers 

 there is no calyx : the amentum is cylindrical, 

 all covered with florets : the corolla to each two 

 petals oblong, concave, blunt and villose : the 

 stamina consist of a single filament within each 

 corolla, filiform, the length of the corolla : the 

 anthera oblong : female flowers on the same 

 tree, neither calyx nor corolla : the pistillum con- 

 sists of very many germs, connected into a 

 globe, hexangular : the style to each filiform : 

 the stigma single, or two, capillary and revo- 

 lute : the pcricarpium an ovate-globular fruit, 

 compound, muricate : the seeds for each germ 

 solitary, oblong, and covered with a pulpy aril, 

 placed on an ovate receptacle. 



The species are : 1 . J. iricisa, Bread-fruit 

 Tree; 2. A. integrifolia, Indian Jaca Tree. 



The first is described in Cook's Voyages, as be- 

 ing, in its native situation, a tree about the size of 

 a middling oak : its leaves are frequently a foot 

 and half long, oblong, deeply sinuated like those 

 of the fig-tree, which they resemble in consistence 

 and colour, and in exuding a milky juice when 

 broken. The fruit isthc size andshape of a child's 

 head, and the surface is reticulated not much 

 unlike a truffle : it is covered with a thin skin, 

 and has a core about as big as the handle of a 

 small knife; the eatable part lies between the 

 skin and the core : it is as white as snow, and 

 somewhat of the consistence of new bread. It 

 must be roasted before it is eaten, being first di- 

 vided into three or four parts : its taste is in- 

 sipid, with a slight sweetness somewhat re- 

 se nbling that of the crumb of w beaten bread 

 mixed with Jerusalem Artichoke. It is a na- 

 tive of the South Sea Islands, and has been 

 lately introduced into the West Indies. 



It is useful not only for food, but also for 

 clothing ; for the bark is stripped oft' the 

 suckers, and formed into a kind of cloth. 



The principal varieties of this tree are, that in 

 which the fruit is destitute of seeds, and that in 

 which they are found. Martyn observes, that 



