A U T 



A Z A 



elm, leech, Spanish chestnut, horse-ehestmtt, white 

 poplar, sycamore, maple, walnut, wild cherry, 

 &c. all of which being of lofty growth, when 

 disposed in a proper manner, have a line effect. 

 Sometimes evergreens are used among these : 

 where tins is intended, the most proper sorts 

 are the various pecics of the pine, including all 

 the different varieties of the lir, most of which 

 attain a great height and magnitude, with beau- 

 tiful spreading heads, that are extremely orna- 

 mental and pleasing. 



But in forming avenues of the more rural 

 kinds, such as common ways or roads through 

 parks or other pleasure-grounds to habitations, 

 they should be continued either in direct lines or 

 carried round in a moderate sweep, or the course 

 directed in two, three, or more very gentle 

 hends, or easy serpentine turns, each side being 

 ornamented with atrferent sorts of trees thinly 

 dispersed, some singly, others in clumps or 

 groups of two, three, or more together, exhibit- 

 ing them variously, some breaking forward, 

 others standing more backward ; and for still 

 greater diversity, a clump of tall flowering 

 shrubs may be here and there introduced, having 

 the whole so considerably detached as to admit 

 a full prospect of the adjacent lawns, fields, or 

 plantations, in the whole extent. 



This is the most modern method of forming 

 and planting avenues; but it cannot be practised 

 with full effect, except where the situation is of 

 considerable extent. For walks and confined 

 situations the row method is mostly to be pre- 

 ferred, as having a better effect. 



AUTUMNAL Flowers, such as attain per- 

 fection in the autumnal season. 



Autumnal Plants, are such as attain per- 

 fection in autumn, either in their growth, or 

 their flowering, &c. 



Autumnal Season, that from the latter end 

 of August to the end of November, in which 

 various operations in gardening are to he per- 

 formed, such as sowing, planting, and propa- 

 gating different kinds of seeds, plants, trees, and 

 shrubs; and the putting in various sorts of escu- 

 lent plants to stand the winter for the ensuing 

 spring and summer, such as cabbages, cauli- 

 flowers, carrots, lettuces, Spanish onions, &c. in 

 the more early part ; and in the latter beans, 

 peas, coleworts, and early cabbage-plants ; like- 

 wise caulifioivi rs, some to remain under hand- 

 and bell-glasses, others in frames, to stand till 

 spring; also lettuces on warm borders and in 

 frames, to stand the winter, and celerym shallow 

 trenches, for spring use ; and for the making 

 and spawning of mushroom-beds, for winter 

 and spring; It is also the proper period to in- 

 crease different sorts of fibrous-rooted flower- 



plants, by dividing or parting their roots, parti- 

 cularly in the months of September, Ociober, 

 and November, when the flower-stems decay, 

 the slipped or divided parts mostly flowering the 

 following year. 



And from the middle of September to the 

 middle or latter end of November is the proper 

 lime for transplanting from one place to another 

 different kinds of hardy fibrous-rooted peren- 

 nials, as directed under their proper genera. 

 Most sorts of bulbous flower-roots, that wen: 

 taken up in summer, are now planted, in order 

 to exhibit an early spring and sumtaer bloom in 

 the following year. The seeds of manv sorts of 

 flowers are likewise at this time to be sown, 

 which do not grow so freely when sown at other 

 seasons, as is shown under their proper heads. 



In the latter part of this season it is necessary 

 to plant cuttings and make layers, for the pro- 

 pagation of various trees and shrubs of the hardy 

 kind. The seeds of many sorts of hardy trees 

 and shrubs may also be sown. Besides these, 

 many other parts of garden culture are particu- 

 larly necessary to be executed at this season. 



AURANTIUM, Orange Tree. See Citrus. 



AURICULA U RSI, Auricula, or Bear's-Ear. 

 See Phimula. 



AZALIA, a genus containing plants of the 

 hardy deciduous flowering shrubby kinds. The 

 Upright American Honeysuckle. 



It belongs to the class and order Pentandria 

 Monogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Bicornes. 



The characters of which are : that the calyx is 

 a five-parted, acute, erect, small, coloured, per- 

 manent perianthium : the corolla is monopeta- 

 lous, bell-shaped, semiquinquelid ; the sides of 

 the divisions bent in : the stamina consist of tire 

 filiform filaments, inserted into the receptacle 

 and free : the anthers are simple : the pistilhun 

 is a roundish germ : the style filiform, the length 

 of the corolla, and permanent: the stigma is 

 obtuse : the pericarpium is a roundish capsule, 

 five- celled and five-valved : the seeds many and 

 roundish. 



The species chiefly cultivated are : 1 . A. nudi- 

 flora, Naked-flowered Azaha ; 2. A. viscosa, 

 Viscid-flowered Azalia. 



The first in its native situation often rises to 

 the height of fifteen feet, but is here never more 

 than half that height. It sends out several stems 

 from the root. The leaves are oblong, smooth, 

 alternate and petioled. The peduncles are axil- 

 lary, long and naked, supporting a duster of 

 red flowers, which arc tubulous, swelling at 

 their base like those of the hvacinth, and con- 

 tracted at their neck ; they are divided at the top 

 into five equal segments, which spread open. 



