BAR 



end ; or in considerably extended pits, a double 

 fire-place may be formed in the middle, behind, 

 or at each cud, as must convenient. 



Detached pits are sometimes formed of wood 



only, by means of posts and planking, serving 

 for particular purposes where no lire-heat is re- 

 quired. In such kinds of pits, where additional 

 heat is occasionally necessary, it is effect ed by 

 applying a strong lining of hot dung to the out- 

 sides, by which a good constant heat may be 

 supported. In these bark-pits sometimes the 

 younger pine-apple plants arc deposited and 

 nursed for the first year : they may likewise be 

 occasionally used for the purposes of propa- 

 gating, raising, and nursing tender plants and 

 flowers in spring and summer, as well as for 

 forcing early esculent -crops. The principal de- 

 tached bark-pits should, however, always be 

 formed with brick walls, as being the most 

 feflfbetua^ for general use, and of the greatest du- 

 ration. See Hot -Beds. 



At figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, in the plate on bark- 

 pits, are seen the most improved forms and con- 

 structions of these sorts of pits. 



Bark-bound, a supposed vegetable disease in 

 fruit- and other trees. It probably depends upon 

 the imperfect growth of the plants. The ge- 

 neral mode of removing it has been by making 

 incisions through the bark in a longitudinal di- 

 rection from the top of the tree or bough to the 

 bottom, in the very early spring season, the 

 gaping, when considerable, being filled up with 

 some composition of an adhesive nature. Cau- 

 tion should however be employed in making 

 such incisions, and more attention be had to 

 the state of the roots, as injury instead of ad- 

 vantage may sometimes be produced by such 

 means. 



Bark.-ga4.lf.d, an affection produced in the 

 burk of trees and plants, by their rubbing 

 against other plants,, or the stakes to which they 

 are tied for support. It may be removed by 

 binding some adhesive soft material on the part 

 by hayropee. In binding trees to supports, care 

 should always be had to introduce a portion of 

 the rope between the tree and the support to 

 which it is to be fastened. 



BARLERIA, a geous comprehending different 

 plants of the tender perennial exotic kind. 



It belongs to the class and order Dirli/namia 

 Aagiospermia, and ranks is the natural order of 

 Persoitatce. 



The characters arc : that the calyx is a four.- 

 parted permanent perianthium ; Awe -opposite 

 leaflets larger : the corolla is mnnopetalous, 

 funnel-form, quinqudid, subequal : the fifth 

 division deeper : the stamina consist of -four 

 filiform filaments ; t .■ o very short and capillary : 



B A R 



the anthers, the upper oblong, the lower wither- 

 ed : the pistillum is an ovate germ : the style 

 filiform, the length of the stamens: the stigma 

 bifid : the pericarpium is an acute, flat -quadran- 

 gular, two-celled, two-valved capsule, gaping 

 clastically at the claws: the partition contrary: 

 the seeds two, compressed, and roundish. 



The species principally cultivated in the stove 

 are : l . B. solti/iifo/ia, Solanum-leaved Barleria ; 

 -J. D. prionitis, Prionitc Barleria; 3. B. luxi- 

 jllia, Box-leaved Barleria; 4. B, coccinea, Scar- 

 let Barleria. 



The first has the stem bluntly quadrangular, 

 erect, and hispid. The leaves are opposite, lahceo- 

 Iate-sword-shaped, quite entire, thrice the length 

 of the internodes. The flowers are in whorl* 

 and axillary. The spines of the stem are three 

 on each side, the length of the whorls. It is a 

 native of the East Indies. 



The second species has the stem herbaceous, 

 round, and stiff. The leaves are opposite, run- 

 ning down the petioles, and pubescent under- 

 lie, ith : between the branch and the leaf is a spine 

 with four sharp rays from the same centre. The 

 flowers sessile in the axils. The calyxes acu- 

 minate-spiny. Two of the four stamens very 

 small at the bottom of the corolla, with little 

 anthers. The capsule has a longish solid point, 

 and bursts without internal elastic points. It 

 is a native of the East Indies. 



The third has shrubby stalks, five or six feet 

 high, with strong spines under the leaves. The 

 flowers are produced in whorls towards the upper 

 part of the stalk ; these are succeeded by short 

 seed-vessels containing three or four flat seeds. 

 It is a native of Jamaica, &c. 



The fourth has the stems smooth, and four 

 feet high. The flowers are scarlet, in whorls at 

 the joints, appearing from July to September, 

 and succeeded by short pods inclosing flat seeds. 

 It is a native of South America. 



Culture. — These plants may be increased by 

 seeds, layers, and cuttings, according to the 

 kinds. In the first, third", and fourth°spccies, 

 the seeds should be sown in pots filled with light 

 fresh earth, in the spring; and in the autumn, 

 when the plants are sufficiently strong, they 

 should be removed into separate pots : which 

 must be plunged into a moderate bark-hot-bed, 

 in which they must be constantly retained. 

 When they produce seeds, they frequently sow 

 themselves in the pots which are near them. 



The second sort, as well as the others, may 

 likewise be raised by laying down the young 

 shoots in pots during the early summer months, 

 proper shade and moisture being given until they 

 have stricken fresh root. In the follow nig au- 

 tumn they will be ready to be transplanted rut 



