B I G 



E I G 



Iccted by boring the trees in the early spring 

 months, as about March or April, and intro- 

 ducing pipes, formed of elder, into the holes 

 to conduct the liquor into bottles placed for the 

 purpose of receiving it, a good and pleasant 

 wine is prepared, by letting it afterwards undergo 

 the process of fermentation . 



The twigs and small branches of these trees 

 may be occasionally cut over for the purpose of 

 making birch brooms. 



BIENNIAL PLANTS, such as are only of 

 two years duration. These are of the esculent 

 as well as the flower kind. 



There are various plants of this, tribe, which 

 being raised one year from seed, generally attain 

 perfection, either the same or in about the pe- 

 riod of a twelvemonth afterwards, and which in 

 the following spring or summer shoot up stems, 

 flower, and perfect their seeds ; after which 

 most of the sorts either soon wholly perish ; or, 

 when any particular sort survives another year, 

 the plants assume a dwindling and straggling 

 growth, and gradually decline. Biennials are 

 consequently always in their prime the first or 

 second summer after they rise : they must in 

 general, of course, be raised annually from seed, 

 for successional supplies in the different kinds. 



The most common of the esculent kind are 

 the Cabbage, Savoy, Carrot, Parsnep, Beet, Onion, 

 Leek, and some others. And of the flowery tribe, 

 the Canterbury -bell, French Honeysuckle, Wall- 

 flower, Stock, July -flower, Sweet IVilliam, China. 

 Pink, Matted Pink, Carnation, Scabious, Tree 

 Mallow, Vervain Mallow, Tree Primrose, Honesty 

 or Moon-wort, and some others, all which rise 

 the spring after being sown, and in the fol- 

 lowing spring shoot up into stem, flower, and 

 perfect their seeds in autumn, after which 

 most of them dwindle and decline, though the 

 Wall-flowers, Stocks, Sweet Williams, and Car- 

 nations, sometimes survive, and flower the fol- 

 lowing year ; but the plants become weak and 

 straggling, and the flowers small and badly 

 coloured. On these accounts it is necessarv to 

 raise a fresh supply annually, from seeds of all the 

 different sorts. The Wall-flowers, Carnations, 

 and Pinks, may however be continued bv plant- 

 ing slips and layers in the summer, in a peren- 

 nial state, in the utmost perfection. 



BIGNONIA, a genus comprehending several 

 plants of the shrubby and tree exotic kinds. The 

 Trumpet Flower, or Scarlet Jasmine. 



It belongs to the class and order Didynamia 

 Jlngiospermia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Personatce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one- 

 leafed, erect, cup-form, five-cleft perianthium : 



the corolla monopetalous, campanulate : tube 

 very small, the length of the calyx : throat 

 very long, ventricose beneath, oblong-catn- 

 panulate : border five-parted, the two upper di- 

 visions reflex, lower patulous : the stamina con- 

 sist of four subulate filaments, shorter than the 

 corolla ; two longer than the other two : the 

 anthers reflex, oblong, as it were double : the 

 pistillum is an oblong germ, the style filiform, 

 having the situation and form of the stamens : 

 the stigma is capitate : the peiiearpium is a two- 

 celled, two-valved silique: partition membrana- 

 ceous, parallel and thickened at the sutures: the 

 seeds are very many, imbricate, compressed, 

 and membrane-winged on both sides. 



The species chiefly cultivated for ornamental 

 purposes are : ] . B. Calalpa, Catalpa and Tree 

 Bignonia. 2. B. sempervirens, Evergreen Carolina 

 Bignonia, or Yellow Jasmine. 3. B. unguis, 

 Cut-claw Bignonia. 4. B. radicans, Rooting 

 Ash -leaved Scarlet Bignonia. 



The first is a deciduous tree, rising with an 

 upright stem, covered with a smooth brown 

 bark, to the height of thirty or forty feet in its 

 native situation, but not nearly so high in this 

 climate : it sends out many strong lateral 

 branches, having very large, heart-shaped, or 

 ovate, leaves on them, placed opposite at every 

 joint. The flowers are produced in large branch- 

 ing panicles towards the end of the branches ; 

 they are of a dirty white colour, with a few pur- 

 ple spots, and faint stripes of yellow on their 

 inside: the tube of the corolla is much shorter, 

 and the upper part more spreading than in the 

 fourth sort : the segments also are deeper cut, 

 and waved on their edges. The flowers are suc- 

 ceeded by long taper pods in its native situation; 

 but these have not as yet been produced in 

 this climate. It is a native of South Carolina, 

 and flowers in August. 



The second species rises with slender stalks, 

 which twist themselves round the neighbouring 

 plants, and mount to a considerable height : 

 the leaves come out single and opposite to each 

 other at every joint : they remain green throuoh. 

 the year. The flowers come out from the wings 

 of the leaves at every joint, sometimes but two, 

 at other times four at each joint ; these stand 

 erect, are trumpet-shaped, yellow, and have a 

 very sweet sctnt ; and, in the countries where 

 they grow naturally, are succeeded by short 

 taper pods filled with small winged seeds. It 

 is a native of South Corolina. 



Thethird rises with slenderstems whichrequire 



support. The leaves are small, ovate, entire, 



and placed opposite at every joint ; at the same 



places come out the tendrils, by which the plants 



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