B O R 



the young root-shoots in the beginning of Sep- 

 tember, in which operation the joint to be hid 

 in the earth should be slit upwards in the man- 

 ner practised for carnations, the bottom bark of 

 the tongue being taken off. They require a 

 considerable length of time in this way before 

 they are sufficiently rooted to be separated from 

 the parent plant. They should then be placed 

 out in separate pots, and deposited in warm 

 sunny exposures in the green-house, and ma- 

 naged as other plants of that sort. 



In the seed method of raising the plants, 

 which affords the strongest, they should be 

 gradually exposed to the open air, and set out 

 m warm protected situations during the summer, 

 being returned to the green-house as the autumn 

 approaches, having as much free air and sun as 

 possible. They require little water in the winter, 

 but frequent small refreshings are necessary 

 while they are placed out in the summer. 



These plants have a pleasing ornamental 

 effect, and afford an agreeable variety in the 

 green-house in the winter season, as they do not 

 stand in need of artificial heat. 



BORCOLE. SeeBitAssicA. 



BORDER, a narrow stripe or portion of 

 ground running along the sides of the walls or 

 other fences that inclose gardens and ornament- 

 ed lands, and which bound the walks, or serve 

 to separate the different principal divisions of the 

 former; the earth being usually laid up in a 



fently-sloping manner from the front to the 

 ack parts. 

 These compartments are either of the useful 

 or ornamental kind. 



Those of the first sort are such as are carried 

 round the walls of garden-grounds, and which 

 are mostly employed, especially where the aspect 

 is to the south, in planting out various sorts of 

 fruit-trees upon, such as apricots, peaches, nec- 

 tarines, cherries, figs, plums, apples, pears, 

 &c. in order to their being trained to them, so 

 as to form wall-trees, as well as extremely use- 

 ful in raising different early esculent "herbs, 

 roots, and leguminous crops on; and in the other 

 aspects for the sowing, rearing, and pricking out 

 many sorts of seeds and plants on, in the sum- 

 mer season, that require at particular periods of 

 their growth a cool situation or a degree of shade. 

 The general rule in laying out these borders is 

 that of making them have breadths in propor- 

 tion to the height of the walls or pailings to- 

 wards which they are formed, which should 

 never be less than eight or twelve feet. They 

 were formerly made not more than five or six 

 feet in breadth, which is too narrow for conve- 

 nience in the culture of plants or the manage- 

 ment of the trees that may be planted on them. 



B O R 



When trees are to be planted as espaliers, ten or 

 twelve feet are the breadths that should in most 

 cases be allowed. 



Borders intended for the raising and growth 

 of different sorts of flowers on, or forsmall shrubs, 

 herbaceous plants, and flowers, being planted 

 out in assemblage or mixture with each other, 

 five or six feet in the former and eight in the 

 latter may b; the proper breadths for the purpose. 



Their depths when trees are to be planted 

 should never be less than two feet at the walk, 

 gradually increasing to < three at the back or 

 fence : some sorts of fruit-trees, however, re- 

 quire much more, as pears and plums. In other 

 cases, one foot at the walk and two at the back 

 mav form a sufficient depth and slope for the 

 perfect culture of the crops that may be grown 

 upon them. For flowers and the small sorts of 

 shrubs it is often convenient to have them a 

 little rounded on the surface. 



There is another sort of useful border, which 

 is that which divides or surrounds the principal 

 compartments or divisions of kitchen-garden- 

 grounds, and which immediately bounds the 

 main walks, as being convenient for plant- 

 ing ranges of dwarf apple, pear, plum, cherry, 

 medlar, and other trees upon as espaliers, as 

 well as for the culture of many herbaceous escu- 

 lent plants; the line of espalier trees in these 

 cases being planted at least three or four feet 

 from the outer edges, so that there may be a 

 three- orfour-feet border on the out sides next the 

 walks, and a smaller one on the insides of the es- 

 paliers; the broader outside borders serving for 

 the rearing and culture of many low-growing es- 

 culent plants, and sometimes, where the kitchen- 

 and flower-garden are united, as a flower-border. 

 The smaller inward borders maybe found useful 

 in raising many sorts of small plants and herbs, 

 as lettuces, he. See Espalier. 



In borders of the latter or ornamental sort, as 

 those of pleasure- or other grounds, they must 

 be formed according to circumstances. It was 

 formerly the taste in many places to have almost 

 evcrv walk bounded on each side bv a border em- 

 bellished with various ornamental plants; this 

 taste has now, however, in a great measure given 

 wav to that of planting only on one side. A fine 

 walk, ornamented on each side by spacious bor- 

 ders fully planted with curious flowering shrubs 

 and other plants, has notwithstanding a fine ap- 

 pearance and good effect in many situations. 



Borders of curious flowers, carried along the 

 boundaries of grass-plats or lawns contiguous 

 to the house, whether formed in a straight or 

 serpentine manner, produce an agreeable effect 

 and much variety. 



Borders for particular kinds of flowers, such 

 2 A 2 



