BRA 



BRA 



by laving them with fresh cut turf, as being 

 superior to the method of only sowing them 

 with grass seeds. 



The turfs should be cut each a foot wide, a 

 yard long, and about an inch thick, and laid 

 with exactness, closely joining them edge to 

 edge ; then beating them well down with large 

 wooden beaters, repeatedly rolling them with a 

 large heavy iron roller. The best season for 

 performing work of this sort is the autumn or 

 very early spring ; but the first is to be preferred 

 where it can be conveniently done, as the turf 

 has time to establish itself well before the hot 

 season sets in. See Turfing. 



In order to keep bowling-greens neat after 

 being thus formed, they require frequent mow- 

 ing in summer, probably once a week or oftener, 

 in order to keep the grass sufficiently fine and 

 short for bowling on, as well as occasional 

 rolling to preserve the surface firm and even. 

 When worm-casts are much thrown up over 

 their surfaces, they should be poled to break and 

 scatter them, and then well rolled down with a 

 wooden roller, to which the scattered earthy par- 

 ticles may adhere, and the surface be thereby 

 rendered more clean. See Poling-Grass. 



Where coarse weeds appear, such as the dock, 

 dandelion, &c. they should be immediately 

 eradicated from the very bottom, in order that 

 they may be prevented from scattering their seeds 

 and multiplying themselves, by which the turf 

 would be rendered unfit for the intended use, 

 and at the same time have a disagreeable appear- 

 ance. 



BOX-THORN. See Lycium. 

 BOX-TREE. See Buxus. 

 BRASS1CA, a genus comprising various 

 esculent plants, of the Cabbage, Borecole, 

 Cale, Colewort, Cauliflower, Brocoli, and 

 Turnip kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Tetradytiamia 

 Siliquosa, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Silu/UOSCB. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a four- 

 leaved, erect perianthium : leaflets lanceolate- 

 linear, concave-channelled, gibbous at the base, 

 erect, parallel, and deciduous : the corolla is tetra- 

 petalous, and cruciform : the petals are subovate, 

 flat, expanding, entire, gradually lessening into 

 claws, nearly the length of the calyx: four 

 ovate nectareous glands; of which there is one 

 on each side between the shorter stamen and the 

 pistil, and one on each side between the longer 

 stamens and the calyx: the stamina consist of 

 6ix subulate, erect filaments; of these, two op 

 posite ones are of the length of the calyx; and 

 four longer: the anthers are erect, and acuminate : 

 die pistillum is a columnar germ, the length of 

 3 



the stamens: the style is short, the thickness of 

 the germ: the stigma capitate, and entile: 

 the pericarpium is a long silique, somewhat 

 like the shaft of a column, but flatted on both 

 sides: partition with a prominent columnar top, 

 two-celled, two-valved; valves shorter than the 

 partition : the seeds are many and globular. 



The species principally cultivated for culinary 

 purposes are : I. B. oleracea, Common Cabbage ; 

 2. B. Rapa, the Turnip. 



The first, or common Cabbage, as it it is found 

 in its wild state on the sea-shores of this country, 

 has the stem-leaves very much waved, and vari- 

 ously indented ; the colour is sea-green, but 

 frequently with a mixture of purple; the lower 

 ones somewhat oval and sessile, the upper al- 

 most linear : the flowers are large : the leaflets 

 of the calyx ovate, broad and yellow: the 

 siliques short and swelling: the root is bien- 

 nial; the stem upright and fleshy, having a 

 large head of oblong roundish leaves, which in 

 some of the varieties are large, close, and com- 

 pact, but in others loose, spreading, and 

 open. 



All the different varieties of cultivated or 

 Garden Cabbage are supposed to proceed from 

 this species. Those in most general culture are, 

 the Heading Common Cabbage, B. oleracea ca- 

 pitata, of which there are several sorts or va- 

 rieties, some coming into perfection during 

 the summer season, others in the latter part of 

 the autumn. 



Of the first sorts there are the early summer 

 kind, as the Small Round Early Cabbage, and 

 the Large Oblong Early Cabbage ; the former 

 coming into use in the beginning of May, and 

 the latter towards the end of the same month ; 

 the Sugar-loaf kind, as the Early Dwarf Sugar- 

 loaf Cabbage ; Large Hollow Sugar-loaf Cabbage : 

 the first, coming in early in June, i3 very fine 

 while young; the latter is in perfection the two 

 following months, and is highly valuable for 

 family use; the Early York Cabbage, which is 

 a roundish oval quick-heading cabbage, that 

 comes into use from May till July, and which is 

 valuable as a principal early and summer crop, 

 as well as for light cabbages in the autumn and 

 winter. The Early Battersea Cabbage, which is 

 of similar shape and growth, is ready early, and 

 excellent while young. The Early Russia Cab- 

 bage is likewise very useful in the same state. 



Of the latter, or autumn and winter sorts, are, 

 the Common Round White Cabbage, which is 

 hardy, of a middling size, round, and very 

 white, coming into use in the latter end of 

 summer, as August and the following month. 

 It is an useful sort of cabbage. The Long-sided 

 Cabbage, which is large, and of an oblong 



