BRA 



BRA 



less perfect heads than the others. Of this there 

 are the Dark or Black-headed ; the Brown, and 

 the Blue. 



All the varieties of the different sorts arc fre- 

 quently produced hy the same seed ; but they 

 may be kept in a' great measure distinct by 

 proper care in the culture. 



The second species of this genus, the Tur- 

 nip, is sufficiently known by its round fleshy 

 roots ; which however vary exceedingly in their 

 form, size, and colour, in a cultivated state, in 

 which only they are apt to be viewed. The 

 leaves which arise immediately from the root 

 are very large, of a full green colour, rough, 

 and jagged or gashed almost to the midrib. 

 From the midst of these, early in the second 

 season of its growth, springs a stalk four or 

 five feet high; the leaves on which ate very dif- 

 ferent from the root-leaves; being oblong, 

 pointed, embracing the stem, smooth and glau- 

 cous. The flowers are yellow, and placed on 

 Jong, slender, smooth peduncles: the siliques 

 or pods are cylindric; and the seeds are of a 

 reddish-brown colour, not unlike those of 

 Cabbage. 



There are many varieties, chiefly distinguished 

 by the form of the bulb or root, and which pro- 

 ceed from the difference of soil, situation, and 

 culture. The principal employed in the garden 

 are the Early Dutch Turnip, the Early White 

 Stone Turnip, the Large Later Stone Turnip, 

 and the Early Red StoneTurnip. These are the 

 best and most proper sorts for the early spring 

 and summer crops ; the bulbs or roots being 

 of a moderate size. 



The White Round Turnip, the Green-topped 

 Turnip; both of which form large roots, and are 

 proper to succeed the above sorts as garden 

 crops. 



The Red-topped Turnip, the Yellow Dutch 

 Turnip, the Oblong White Turnip, the Tankard 

 Turnip, theLargeNorfolkTumip, and the Hardy 

 Russia Turnip. These are most commonly 

 made use of as field turnips, as being large- 

 rooted, and of pretty hardy growth. They 

 may however be cultivated in the garden as 

 winter and early spring crops, especially the last 

 sort. 



The Long Round French Turnip, and the 

 Purple Turnip. The former of these, from its 

 long small root, is of little use in gardens; and 

 the latter is principally cultivated for its singula- 

 rity. There are other varieties, but these are 

 sufficient for our purpose. 



Culture in ike Cabbage kind. — The Cabbage is 

 a sort of plant that may be raised on almost 

 any sort of soil, but succeeds to most advan- 

 tage on those of a rather strong loamy nature. 



and which have a good depth. The ground 

 in its preparation should be well dug over to 

 a full spit depth, and a sufficient proportion 

 of well rotted stable-dung incorporated with 

 it; or, when it is of the more light or sandy 

 kind, cow-dung may be employed for the pur- 

 pose, and when very stiff, some sort of calcare- 

 ous material may be made use of, with different 

 kinds of ashes. 



The most proper situations for these crops are 

 those of the more open and exposed kinds 

 which have a rather southernly aspect. 



In the culture of these plants it is usual to di- 

 stinguish them into summer and autumn kinds, 

 from the crops coming into use at tluse dif- 

 ferent periods. The seed for the former should be 

 sown about the first or second week in August, and 

 till the beginning of September, but not later ; 

 and for the latter every three or four weeks from 

 the beginning of February till the end of May, 

 according as successions are wanted. 



The plants of the autumn sowings should be 

 set out principally in October and the following 

 month, and the remainder about the middle of 

 February, after being preserved during the 

 winter; and those of the spring sowings as they 

 become in a proper state for the purpose from 

 April to the end of June. 



In order to raise the plants in the best perfec- 

 tion, a piece of rich mellow ground in an open 

 situation should he employed, which should be 

 well dug over, and formed into as many four feet 

 wide beds as may be necessary, the surface being 

 raked in an even manner. Seed of the different 

 varieties should immediately be sown separately 

 upon them, rather thinly, but as regular as pos- 

 sible, being lightly raked in. It is of much 

 importance to the success of the sowings to have 

 new well ripened seed. If the weather be moist 

 the plants soon appear, but when dry it is of 

 great utility to water the beds occasionally. It 

 is the usual practice when the plants have at- 

 tained a proper size, as when the leaves are an 

 inch or two in breadth, to prick some of the 

 strongest plants out into other similar beds, in 

 rows six inches apart, and three or four inches 

 from plant to plant, to remain till the time of 

 setting them out; a plentiful watering being 

 given at the time: but where the seed has been 

 sown sufficiently thin, and the plants kept pro- 

 perly thinned out and perfectly free from weeds, 

 this operation is unnecessary, the plants re- 

 maining in the seed -beds without sustaining 

 any check in their growth by being pricked 

 out. 



In finally setting out the plants, portions of 

 ground in open situations should be provided, 

 and prepared for the purpose, by digging tLem 



