BUD 



BUD 



the vessels destined to convey the support of the 

 individual young buds, obviously inosculate, 

 as, when some buds chance to be rubbed oft" or 

 destroyed, those near them grow in a more vi- 

 gorous manner ; which is constantly shown in 

 the pruning of different sorts of trees. 



It is further remarked, that the flower-buds of 

 various trees proceed directly from the " last 

 year's terminal shoots or spurs, either accom- 

 panied with leaf-buds, or separately, as in apple 

 and pear trees." And that in " others flower- 

 buds arise from the shoots of the present year 

 alternately' with leaf-buds, as those of vines, 

 and form the third or fourth buds of the new 

 shoots." These, it is added, " differ from 

 leaf-buds in this circumstance, that they perish 

 when their seeds are ripe, without producing 

 any addition or increase to the tree ; whereas, 

 when the leaf-buds perish in the autumn, their 

 caudexes, the intertexture of which constitutes 

 the bark of the tree, gradually become con- 

 verted into alburnum or sapwood; over which 

 the new leaf-buds shoot forth their caudexes and 

 radicles, or insert them into it, and gradually 

 fabricate the new bark and root fibres." 



On the whole it is concluded that " the 

 central part of an adult bud consists first of a 

 conjunction" of the vessels that convey the 

 juice, " from above and below, which exists in 

 the caudex of the bud between the beginning of 

 the leaf-vessels, and the beginning of the root- 

 vessels, the circulation resembling that in 

 many insects and fishes. It is probable too, 

 that at the same place there is also a conjunction 

 of the absorbent vessels. Each bud is likewise 

 furnished with an organ of reproduction, which 

 in the leaf-bud produces the lateral progeny or 

 offspring, and in the flower-bud the seminal. 

 And still further provided with a centre of 

 nervous influence existing in each bud, pro- 

 bably residing near the conjunction of the vessels 

 of the leaf and root just noticed, and of the 

 absorbent system, together with tbc organ of 

 reproduction. 



Besides these, various other interesting facts 

 and observations are recorded by the author of 

 the Philosophy of Gardening. 



BUDDING, the art or operation of propa'- 

 gating and producing trees or plants by inserting 

 an eye or bud of one tree into the bark of 

 some part of the stem, stock, or branch of 

 another of the same kind, by means of an in- 

 cision, the head or top of the stock or branch 

 being cut off some time afterwards. The bud 

 thus introduced soon shoots forth, and in time 

 becomes a tree or plant in all respects the same 

 as that from which it was taken. The effect is 



produced by a reciprocal inosculation of the 

 wounded vessels of the different barks. 



Almost all the more valuable and choice kinds 

 of fruit-trees are increased in this way, as well 

 as many shrubs and plants. 



This is the only method by which the dif- 

 ferent approved varieties of many kinds of fruit- 

 and other trees can with certainty be continued 

 and multiplied ; for, though their seeds readily 

 grow and become trees, yet from the seeds or ker- 

 nels of the finest varieties of fruit, not one tree out 

 of a hundred produces any like the original, and 

 but very few that are good ; so variable are seedling 

 fruit-trees, anil many others: but the trees or 

 stocks so raised being budded with the proper 

 approved sorts, the buds produce invariably the 

 same kind of tree, fruit, flowers, &c. continu- 

 ing unalterably the same. 



This mode of propagation is particularly useful 

 for peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, 

 oranges, and jasmines; the three first of which 

 succeed better by budding than grafting, and 

 are usually worked upon plum -stocks raised 

 from seed, and sometimes by suckers, layers, 

 and cuttings. They are also often budded upon 

 their own stocks, as such as have been raised from 

 the kernels of these kinds of fruit; but they are 

 commonly more strong and durable when budded 

 upon plum-stocks. 



There are also other sorts, as plums and 

 cherries, which are often propagated by budding 

 as well as grafting: the cherry is, however, ge- 

 nerally the most prosperous by the latter method, 

 as being more apt to gum and go off* by budding. 

 These sorts, being of the same genus, grow well 

 upon stocks of each other, but best upon their 

 own- stocks. 



Apples and pears are likewise capable of being 

 propagated by budding as well as by grafting ; 

 though, as they grow freely by grafting, which 

 is the most easy and expeditious mode, they, are 

 commonly propagated in that way. 



In short, most kinds of fruit-trees, and others, . 

 propagated by grafting, also succeed by budding. 

 Grafting is, however, more adapted to some 

 sorts, and budding to others. 



Various sorts of forest and flowering trees, 

 both deciduous and ever-greens, are also capable 

 of being propagated by budding with a greater 

 certainty of continuing particular varieties, than 

 by other means, as many of the variegated- 

 leaved kinds, the variegated hollies, &c. 



The operation of budding, in all sortSy is 

 mostly performed upon young trees raised from 

 seed, suckers, layers, &c. which- are- termed 

 stocks, and which, when about half an inch- 

 thick in the bottom of the stem, are of a propr-r 



