C M S 



C A L 



The characters of which are : that the calyx 

 is a one-leafed, five-parted perianth inm : the 

 tube short : segments oblong, deciduous, the 

 lowest longer than the rest, and slightly arched : 

 the corolla has five petals, inserted into the 

 throat of the calycine tube, unequal : the lamina 

 roundish : the stamina consist of ten filaments, 

 inserted into the throat of the calyx, filiform, 

 woolly at the base, and declining : the anthers 

 are oblong and decumbent : the pistillum is a 

 superior germ, linear- oblong, compressed and 

 attenuated at the base: the style filiform, the 

 length of the stamens : the stigma blunt : the 

 pericarpium is an oblong, compressed, one- 

 celled legume : the seeds few, subovate, com- 

 pressed, and flat. 



The species chiefly cultivated is the C. pul- 

 cherrima, Beautiful' Brasiletto or Barbadoes 

 Flower-fence. 



This rises with a straight stalk, ten or twelve 

 feet in height; it is covered with a smooth gray 

 bark, and is sometimes as thick as the small of 

 a man's leg; it divides into several spreading 

 branches at the top, armed at each joint with 

 two short strong crooked spines. The leaves 

 are doubly pinnate ; leaflets from four to eight 

 pairs, most in the middle, decreasing in number 

 both at top and bottom, three quarters of an 

 inch long, almost half an inch broad at the 

 end, lessening gradually to the base, light 

 green $ when bruised emitting a strong odour 

 like savin. The branches are terminated by 

 loose spikes of flowers, which are sometimes 

 formed into a kind of pyramid, and at others 

 are composed more in form of an umbel. The 

 peduncle of each flower is near three inches 

 long. The petals are roundish at the top, but 

 are contracted to narrow tails or claws at their 

 base ; they spread open, and arc beautifully vari- 

 egated with a deep red or orange colour, yellow, 

 and some spots of green ; they have a very 

 agreeable odour. This is a beautiful plant, and 

 a native of both Indies. It is planted in hedges 

 to divide the lands in Barbadoes, whence it has 

 the name of Flower-fence : and is also called 

 Spanish Carnation, Wild Sena, &c. It flowers 

 here in December, but in its native situation 

 twice in the year. 



Culture. — It may be increased by sowing the 

 seeds in the early spring months, in pots filled 

 with good light rich mould, plunging them in 

 a gentle bark hot-bed, watering the earth occa- 

 sionally to keep it from becoming dry, and 

 shading the plants when up, as well as protect- 

 ing them well from frosts during the nights. 

 When two or three inches high, they shoutd be 

 set out singly into small pots, being replunged 



in the hot-bed, -watered, shaded, and protected 

 as there may be occasion. When well rooted, 

 the air should be admitted freely in proper wea- 

 ther. The protection of the stove is necessary 

 during the winter. When the plants are grown 

 large, there must be great care taken in shifting 

 them into larger pots, not to suffer the ball of 

 earth to fall from their roots ; as,, when this hap- 

 pens, the plants seldom survive it. They are 

 very impatient of moisture in winter ; and when 

 clamp seizes their tops it often kills them, or 

 at least occasions the loss of their heads. 



This is a very ornamental plant in the stove 

 or green-house collections. 



CALABASH-TREE. See Crf.scentia. 



CALAMUS AROMATICUS. See Acorlts. 



CALENDULA, a genus comprising plants 

 of the hardy annual perennial flowery and 

 shrubby kinds. The Marigold. 



It belongs to the class and order Syngenesia 

 Polygamic Necessaria, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Composite Discoidea?. 



The characters of which are : that the calyx is 

 common simple, many-leaved, almost upright: 

 segments linear-lanceolate, (fourteen to twenty) 

 nearly equal: the corolla is compound radiate: 

 corollulcs hermaphrodite, very many in the disk. 

 Females the number of rays in the calyx, very 

 long in the ray: proper, of the hermaphrodite 

 tubular, semiquinquefid, the length of the calyx 

 — of the female ligulate, very long, three-toothed, 

 villose at the base, nerveless : the stamina consist 

 of (hermaphrodite) five capillary filaments, very 

 short: the anther cylindric, tubular, the length 

 of the corollule: the pistillum hermaphrodite: 

 germ oblong: style filiform, scarcely the length 

 of the stamens : stigma obtuse, bifid, straight. 

 Females: germ oblong, three-cornered: style 

 filiform, the length of the stamens: stigmas 

 two, oblong, acuminate, reflex. There is no> 

 pericarpium: the calyx is converging, roundish, 

 and depressed: seeds hermaphrodite central of 

 the disk none: of the circumference seldom so- 

 litary, membranous, obcordate, and compressed. 

 Females solitary, larger, oblong, incurved, tri- 

 angular, with membranous angles, marked on 

 the outside longitudinally with the figure of a 

 vegetable: there is no down: the receptacle is 

 naked and flat. 



The species cultivated for use and ornament 

 are: 1. C. officinalis, Common Marigold; 2. C 

 plvvialis, Small Cape Marigold; 3. C. hybrida,. 

 Hybridous or Great Cape Marigold ; 4. C.nu- 

 dicaulis, Naked-stalked Cape Marigold; 5. C. 

 graminifolia, Grass-leaved Perennial Cape Ma- 

 rigold; 6. C. fruticosu, Shrubby Marigold. 



The first has a short divaricated stem,, cUV 



