CAR 



CAR 



monophyllous, six-cleft; two of the divisions clean; and when from three to six or eight feet 



larger than the rest: the pistillum consists of high they are fit for being finally planted. 



two germs, very short, two styles on each, ca- They are also capable of being raised by layers 



pillary, coloured, long: the stigmas simple : no laid down in autumn, which in twelvemonths 



pericarpium: the anient becoming very large, will be ready to take off and plant out. This is 



concealing the seed at the base of each scale 

 the seed is a nut, ovate and angular. 



The species are : 1 . C. Betulus, Common Horn- 

 beam; 2. C. Ostrya, Hop Hornbeam; 3. C. 

 yir.giiua.na, Flowering Virginian Hornbeam. 



The first rises with a straight upright stem to 

 a considerable height, feathered from the bot- 



the best way to continue the different varieties 

 distinct ; but for timber-trees the new method 

 is the best, as the trees continue longer. 



All these are hardy trees, and will prosper iit 

 almost any soil or exposure. 



The first kind flourishes not only in good but 

 any hungry barren soil, light or stiff, and in 

 torn, and terminating in a branching bushy head: hilly, bleak, exposed places. It may also be 

 the leaves are ovate, acuminate, sharply serrate, planted as a forest tree, for ornament in parks, 

 strongly nerved, bright-green, smooth, three either singly, in clumps, or large plantations, in 

 inches or more in length, and near two in assemblage with others of the deciduous kind ; 

 breadth, standing on round petioles, slightly and as it retains its leaves, in a withered state, 

 pubescent, half an inch in length, and having during the winter, it affords shelter to less hardy 

 ovate red glandules at their base. They begin trees, and is, of course, adapted to border plan- 

 to open about the end of March, and are usually tations. It is likewise well adapted for hedges, 

 quite out by the middle of April. They wither either by way of ornament or shelter, as it is 

 in autumn, but remain on the branches till feathered to the bottom, and capable of being 

 spring. This has lately been considered chiefly readily trained. And the other sorts are proper 

 ts a shrub, and cultivated for under-wood, and for large ornamental plantations to increase the 

 in the nurseries for planting as hedges. variety and effect: the oriental kind is well 



There are varieties, with pale-green leaves, adapted for low close hedges, 

 with variegated leaves, with cut leaves, and the CARROT. See Daucus. 

 Oriental Hornbeam. CARTHAMUS, a genus comprehending 



The second species rises with an upright stem plants of the annual and perennial herbaceous 

 twenty feet in height, terminating in a rough flowery kind. 



head : the leaves are elliptic, acuminate, doubly- It belongs to the class and order Syngenesia 

 toothed, nerved, the nerves ferruginous. The Polygamia JEqualis, and ranks in the natural 

 female fruits resemble hops, but are formed of order of Compositce. 



inflated scales, closed on every side, villose at the The characters are : that the calyx is com- 

 base, including a bilocular seed. mon ovate, imbricate; scales numerous, con- 



It sheds its leaves in winter, with the elm and tracted below, increased at the tip by a foliaceous 

 other deciduous trees. It was first observed in appendicle, which is subovate, flat, spreading, 

 Italy, and is very common in Germany. This obtuse : the corolla is compound uniform, tu- 

 is of quicker growth than the common sort. bular; corollets hermaphrodite, equal; the pro- 



The third grows to the height of thirty feet or per one monopetalous, funnel-form; border 

 more, with an upright stem, and is of quicker five-parted, erect, subequal : the stamina con- 

 growth than either of the former sorts'; it sheds sist of five capillary filaments, very short: the 

 its leaves, which are spear-shaped, pointed, and anthers are cylindric and tubular: the pistillum 

 rough, in autumn, about the same time with the is a very short germ : the style filiform, longer 

 elm; and during the time of its verdure makes a than the stamens: the stigma simple: there is 

 good appearance, being well clothed with leaves, no pericarpium : the calyx converging: the seeds 

 which are of a deep, strong, green colour, re- are solitary: the receptacle is flat, pilose, hairs 

 sembling the long-leaved elm. longer than the seed. 



Culture. — All the sorts may be raised from The species are: 1. C. lavatus, Yellow Distaft 

 seed sown in autumn, in beds, covering it an inch Thistle, or Woolly Carthamus ; 2. C. ceeruleus, 

 deep: the plants sometimes rise in the"spring, and Blue-flowered Carthamus, or Bastard Saffron; 

 sometimes not till the spring following; the 3. C. Tingitanus, Tangier Carthamus ; A.C.ar- 

 Sceds may likewise be preserved till the begin- borescens, Tree Carthamus. 

 uing of the year, and then sown in February. The first is an annual plant, perishing soon 

 When the plants have had two years' growth in after the seeds are ripe : the lower leaves spr 

 the seed-bed, they should be planted out in the flat upon the ground; these are five or six inches 

 nursery, in rows two feet and half distant, and long, narrow, and deeply indented on both sides; 

 eighteen inches in the rows, keeping them they are hairy, and have a few soft spines ou 



