CAS 



C A S 



weeds. It succeeds best on a mellow loamy 

 soil. 



CARYOPHYLLUS, a genus containing a 

 plant of the aromatic exotic kind lor the stove. 

 The Clove-tree. 



It belongs to the class and order Polyandria 

 Monogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Hesperidete. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a pe- 

 rianth of the fruit superior, quadripartite, acute, 

 small, and permanent : the perianth of the 

 flower superior, tetraphyllous; leaflets roundish, 

 ■concave, deciduous : the corolla consists of four 

 petals, roundish, crenate, smaller than the calyx 

 of the flower: the stamina have numerous ca- 

 pillary filaments: the anthers are simple: the 

 pistillum is an inferior oblong germ, large, ter- 

 minating in the calyx of the fruit: the style 

 simple, inserted into the quadrangular recep- 

 tacle: the stigma simple: the pericarpium is 

 oval, unilocular, terminated by the hardened 

 converging calyx of the fruit, and urubilicate : 

 the seed single, oval, and large. 



The only species is C. aromaticus, Clove-tree. 



It rises, in its native situation, to twenty or 

 twenty-five feet high, dividing, four or five feet 

 from the ground, into branches, which grow 

 erect, covered with a smooth bark, and subdi- 

 vided into many smaller, garnished with oval- 

 spear-shaped leaves, placed opposite; and small 

 white flowers terminating the branches in loose 

 bunches, succeeded bv oval berries, crowned 

 with the permanent calyx. The berries, ga- 

 thered when half grown and dried, constitute the 

 cloves employed in culinary uses. 



Culture. — It is raised by sowing the ripeseeds, 

 procured from abroad, in pots filled with bogey 

 earth, and plunged in a hotbed. When the 

 plants are come up they should be removed to 

 the bark-bed in the stove, where they must be 

 onstantlv kept. 



CASSIA, a genus containing plants of the 

 herbaceous shrubby and tree kinds. Wild Senna. 



It belongs to the class and order Decandria 

 IMonogynia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 Leguini/iosce. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a penta- 

 phyllous perianthium, lax, concave, coloured, 

 and deciduous : the corolla has five roundish 

 concave petals; the inferior ones more distant, 

 more spreading, larger : the stamina consist of 

 ten declined filaments; the three inferior ones 

 longer; the three superior shorter: the three in- 

 ferior anthers very large, arcuate, rostrate, 

 gaping at the tip; the four lateral ones without 

 the rostrum gaping; the three superior ones very 

 small and sterile: the pistillum is a subco- 

 Jumnar germ, long, peduncled : the style very 

 4 



short: the stigma obtuse and ascending: the 

 pericarpium is an oblong legume, partitions 

 transverse : the seeds many, roundish, affixed to 

 the superior suture. 



The species mostly cultivated are: 1. C.Mari- 

 landica, Maryland Herbaceous Cassia; 2. C. 

 . Shrubby Cassia; 3. C. villosa, Villose- 

 leaved Cassia; 4. C. emarginata, Emarginate 

 Cassia, or Jamaica Senna Shrub ; 5. C. fistu- 

 lans, Cjssia Tree, or Pudding-pipe Tree; 6. C. 

 arborescens, Tree Cassia; 7. C. Javanica, Java 

 Cassia. 



The first has a perennial root, composed of a 

 great number of black fibres, sending out in the 

 spring several upright stems, four or five feet 

 high, dividing into many branches pointing 

 obliquely upwards: the leaflets from six to nine 

 pairs, but most commonly eight, and sometimes 

 an odd leaflet :. the flowers (two or three together) 

 from the axillas of the upper leaves, anil in loose 

 spikes at the end of the stem, which hang down 

 before they open, but are afterwards erect. They 

 are of a pale yellow colour. It is a native of 

 North America. 



The second species in its native situation grows 

 upwards of twenty feet high, with several stems 

 covered with brown bark, and dividing into 

 many branches at top : the leaves have two pairs 

 of leaflets, which in the lower ones are oval ; but 

 those of the upper five inches long, and two 

 and a half broad in the middle, smooth, and of 

 a light-green : the flowers are produced in loose 

 spikes at the extremity of the branches; are 

 large, of a gold colour, and succeeded by taper 

 brown pods about nine inches long. It is a na- 

 tive of La Vera Cruz. 



The third species in its native state rises with 

 a woody stem to the height of fourteen or six- 

 teen feet, sending out many lateral branches : 

 the flowers come out in loose bunches at the 

 ends of the branches, are of a pale straw-colour, 

 and small : the pods .are long, narrow, and 

 jointed, each seed being lodged in a sort of 

 isthmus. It is native of Campeachy. 



The fourth is a small shrubby tree, with a 

 trunk ten or twelve feet high, and subdivided, 

 round, ash-coloured, pubescent branches : the 

 leaves pinnate, scattered, spreading. The flowers 

 are in racemes, of a yellow colour, irregular, 

 and succeeded by flat pods. It flowers in spring, 

 and is a native of Jamaica. 



The fifth species is a tree which rises to the 

 height of forty or fifty feet, with a large trunk, 

 dividing into many branches: the leaflets are 

 equal at the. base, having many transverse nerves, 

 and the midrib is very prominent on the under 

 side : the flowers are produced in long spikes at 

 the end of the branches, each standing upon a 



