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The young, tender, and pliable branches may 

 be laid down any time from May till the end of 

 June, a little water being occasionally given 

 when the weather is dry. These should be taken 

 off when they are well rooted, and be planted 

 out either where they are to remain or in pots. 



These two last methods, however, seldom 

 afford plants that have so good flowers as those 

 raised from seed, being weaker and furnished 

 with shorter spikes of flowers. They should 

 therefore be chiefly confined to those varieties 

 that cannot be raised with certainty from seed. 



When these plants are intended for the pur- 

 pose of ornamenting and affording variety on 

 walls, ruins, or other places of this sort, the 

 seed shoul'd constantly be sown upon them in 

 the autumn or early spring, covering it in with 

 a little earth to the depth of half an inch. They 

 will afterwards propagate themselves by shed- 

 ding their seed, and continue for a great length 

 of time. 



When cultivated in the vicinity of large towns, 

 for the purpose of sale, it is the practice, espe- 

 cially with the market-gardeners around Lon- 

 don, to prick the young plants out of the seed- 

 beds into nursery-rows at the distance of ten or 

 twelve inches, and nine or ten from plant to 

 plant; and where they grow too luxuriantly in 

 these situations they are again removed about 

 August, in order to check their too full growth, 

 and by that means render their heads more 

 bushy. They are usually exposed for sale, with 

 small balls of earth about their roots, when just 

 beginning to put forth bloom, so as that their 

 colours and the properties of their flowers can 

 be discerned. 



Where a blow of the double seedling sort is 

 desired, they should be placed in pots, with balls 

 of earth to their roots, as soon as their double- 

 flower-buds appear, giving them a little water 

 and proper shade till they become established 

 again. 



These plants succeed best and continue longest 

 where the soil is of the poor and rather calcare- 

 ous kind. 



Culture in the Stock Gillifiower kind. — This 

 may be performed exactly in the same manner 

 as in the Wall-flower sort, only the seed should 

 always, as much as possible, be sown where the 

 plants are to remain, or the plants be pricked 

 out into them while they are very young, as in 

 their more advanced growth they never succeed 

 well when removed, or are of so long duration, 

 as their roots are sticky and but slightly provided 

 with fibres. When the removal of the plants 

 is practised at a late period, it should con- 

 stantly be done with large balls of earth to their 

 roots. 



And in the slip and layer methods, as prac- 

 tised for the varieties, the plants seldom grow 

 so freely or become so fine as those raised from 

 seed. The soils on which they are found to 

 succeed the best, are such as are fresh, and 

 which have not been enriched by manure. 



Both these species and their varieties, in order 

 to have a good show of flowers, and the best 

 and most perfect plants, should be raised an- 

 nually in the different modes, as, in whatever 

 way they are increased, they always afford the 

 finest flowers the first season of their complete 

 flowering. 



And such of the double sorts of the different 

 kinds as have been potted should be protected 

 during the winter season, cither in frames for the 

 purpose or some other contrivance. 



To have good flowers of this sort great care 

 should be taken to remove all the small and 

 imperfect flowers from the seed beds at the 

 time of setting them out. 



Culture in the Annual Stock kind. — In these 

 plants it is accomplished by sowing the seeds at 

 suitable times, so as to produce successions of 

 flowers during the summer and autumn, from 

 the beginning of February till the latter end of 

 May, covering the seed in lightly. The first and 

 second sowings should be made on a very gentle 

 hotbed, or in pots placed in it, or in frames, to 

 be protected in the night ; but the others may 

 in general be performed in the places where the 

 plants are to flower, or in beds, to be afterwards 

 pricked out or removed into pots or where they 

 are to remain and blow. The former is, how- 

 ever, the best practice where it can be employed, 

 as removing always injures the growth of the 

 plants. In sowing and planting them out in 

 the borders or other parts of pleasure-grounds, 

 it is usual to put them in in patches of five or 

 six in each patch, disposing them in a varied 

 manner. 



The plants of the early sowings vill mostly 

 be in a state to be planted out in pot:? s? on the 

 borders in the beginning of May, a little water 

 being given when the weather is dry. They are 

 always proper to be set out when they have at- 

 tained three or four inches growth, and have 

 several leaves. 



When these plants are raised by themselves 

 for show, it is the practice to plant them in rows 

 in beds four feet wide, ten or twelve inches 

 apart each way, care being taken to keep them 

 clear from weeds, and duly watered in dry 

 weather. 



To have these plants to flower in the autumn 

 and winter, some of them should be potted 

 about the latter end of July, and placed in a 

 warm situation, occasional waterings being given; 



