C H R 



C H 11 



from the tip of the tube: anthers oblong, erect, 

 large, converging, and (after having shed the 

 pollen) spirally twisted : the pistillum is an ovate 

 germ: style filiform, a little longer than the sta- 

 mens, declinate: stigma headed, ascending: the 

 pericarpium is ovate and bilocular: the seeds 

 numerous and small. 



The species cultivated for ornament are: 1 . C. 

 baccifera, Berry-bearing Chironia, or Cen- 

 taury ; 2. C. frutesceiis, Shrubby African Chi- 

 ronia. 



The first grows to the height of a foot and 

 half, or two feet, with a quadrangular stem, 

 and becomes very bushy, having beautiful red 

 flowers at the ends of the branches. 



It produces both flowers and fruit during most 

 of the summer months, and sometimes ripens 

 seeds, which are of a dark chesnut colour. It 

 is a native of Africa. 



The second species has the stem dividing 

 above into round branches, tomentose, ash- 

 coloured, mostly alternate, subdividing a little at 

 lop : the leaves are opposite), obtuse, fleshy, 

 about two inches in length, sessile, frequently 

 twice as long as the internodes: the peduncles 

 two or three together, terminating, each having 

 two or three bright purple flowers arising from 

 the axils, with a pair of linear folioles in the 

 middle: the pedicels one-flowered. It is a na- 

 tive of Africa. 



Culture. — The plants in these different species 

 may be raised from seeds, which should be sown 

 in small pots of light sandy earth, plunging 

 them in a moderate hot-bed : when thev have 

 attained some growth, air should be admitted 

 pretty freely. It is the practice with some to re- 

 move them into other pots ; but when they are 

 suffered to remain in those in which they were 

 sown, till they become large, they make the 

 stronger plants. They should be afterwards gra- 

 dually exposed to the open air, to be hardened, 

 being placed in sunny situations with other 

 plants that require little moisture. In the win- 

 ter they should have the protection of a dry and 

 airy green-house, and be very sparingly wa- 

 tered. 



They may likewise be increased by cuttings 

 planted in pots of the same sort of earth in the 

 spring, aided by the assistance of a hot-bed, and 

 the same kind of management as in the former 

 mode. 



In these methods of management they mostly 

 •flower the second year, and afford much orna- 

 ment and variety among other curious plants of 

 he exotic kind. 



CHRISTMAS ROSE. See Helleborus. 



CHRIST'S THORN. See Rhamnus. 



CHRYSANTHEMUM, a genus containing 



plants of the flowering herbaceous annual and 

 perennial, as well as the shrubby kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Syrt'gehesia 

 Potygaviia Superflva, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Compositcc Disco'nlece. 



The characters are: that the calyx is com- 

 mon hemispherical, imbricate: scales close in- 

 cumbent; the interior ones larger by degrees; 

 the innermost terminated by a parched scale : the 

 corolla compound radiated: corollets herma- 

 phrodite tubular, numerous, in the disk : females 

 more than twelve in the ray : proper of the her- 

 maphrodites funnel-form, five-cleft, patulous, 

 length of the calyx: of the females strap-shaped, 

 oblong, three-toothed: the stamina, in the her- 

 maphrodites, filaments five, capillary, very 

 short: the anthers cylindric, tubular, shorter 

 than the corolla: the pistillum, in the her- 

 maphrodites, an ovate germ : style filiform, 

 longer than the stamens : stigmas two, revo- 

 lute: in the females, an ovate germ: style fili- 

 form, equal with the hermaphrodites : stigmas 

 two, obtuse, revolute: there is no pericarpium: 

 the calyx unchanged: the seed tolitary, oblong, 

 without any pappus : the receptacle naked, dotted 

 and convex. 



The species cultivated for ornament are, chiefly, 

 I. C. coronarium, Annual Garden Chrysanthe- 

 mum ; 2. C. serotinum, Late-flowering Creep- 

 ing Chrysanthemum ; 3. C. Mimspeliense, Mont- 

 pelier Chrysanthemum, or Ox Eye; 4. C. co- 

 rymlosum, Corymbed Chrysanthemum ; 5. C. 

 frutescens, Shrubby Canary Chrysanthemum, or 

 Ox Eye ; 6. C. Jiosculosum, Bastard Shrubby 

 Chrysanthemum. 



The first has a furrowed stem, leafy, branch- 

 ing, three feet high : the leaves are smooth, 

 stem-clasping; pinnas either pinnate or pifina- 

 tifid, the end one very large, bifid, with the pin- 

 nules sharply gashed : the peduncles terminat- 

 ing, one-flowered : the flowers of different co- 

 lours. It is a native of Sicily, &c. 



The second species has a perennial creeping 

 root : the stem strong, branched, erect, somewhat 

 villose, three or four feet high : the leaves are 

 sessile, smooth; on some plants with many acu- 

 minate serratures beyond the middle, on others 

 very few towards the end onlv, others again 

 quite entire : the flowers on the ends of the 

 branches of a white colour, appearing in Sep- 

 tember. 



The third is an elegant perennial plant, with- 

 out scent, and is very smooth and slightly vil- 

 lose, with erect, branching stems, three or four 

 feet in height : the lower leaves bipirmatifid, 

 upper pinnatifid, one or two at top quite entire: 

 the flowers large, white, and radiated, like tliost 

 of the above. 



2 L 2 



