C I c 



C I c 



The first sorts arc capable of being employed 

 in nbe shrubbery, borders, and the latter in the 

 green house. 



" CIIRYSOPIIYLLUM, a genus containing 

 a plant of the exotic tree kind. Golden Leaf or 

 Star Apple. 



It belongs to the class and order Penlandria 

 3Io/wgy//ia, and ranks in the natural order of 

 L';/mustc. 



"jThe characters are : that the calyx is a five- 

 parted, small perianthium : leaflets roundish, ob- 

 tuse, permanent : the corolla monopetalous, 

 bell«-shaped: border five-cleft (ten-cleft): seg- 

 ments roundish, very much expanded, shorter 

 than (the tube : the stamina consist of five fila- 

 ments, subulate, placed on the tube, converging : 

 an then" roundish, twin, incumbent : the pistil- 

 lum is a roundish germ : style very short : stig- 

 ma obtuse, subquinquefid : the pericarpium is a 

 globular berry, ten-celled, large : the seeds soli- 

 tary, botv", compressed, marked with a scar, and 

 shining. ' 



The spacies cultivated is C. Cainito, Broad- 

 leaved Star Apple. 



It has a woody, branching stem, growing 

 • many feet H'gh in its native situation, having 

 spreading, slvnder, declining branches, garnish- 

 ed with alternate spathated leaves, quite entire, 

 downy underneath, satiny and gold-coloured ; 

 and bunches of flowers which are succeeded by 

 large globular, eatable fruit. 



It varies with different coloured fruits, as red- 

 dish, purple, and blue. 



Culture. — These plants are increased by sow- 

 ing the seeds, procured from the native situa- 

 tions of the plants, in pots filled with light good 

 mould, in the spring, plunging them in a tan 

 hot-bed. When the plants have attained a few 

 inches in height, they should be planted out 

 singly into other pots, a little water being given 

 at the time, with a due degree of shade, and the 

 pots rtplunged into the hot-bed. They should 

 afterwards have water in moderate proportions, 

 when necessary, and sufficient shade ; being kept 

 constantly in the hot-bed of the stove. And as 

 they increase in size, they must be removed into 

 larger pots, and have the management of other 

 lender exotic plants. 



These plants produce a fine effect in the stove, 

 from the singularity of their leaves, but they sel- 

 dom flower. 



CIBOULS. See Allium. 



CICHORIUM, agenus comprising a plant of 

 the herbaceous esculent kind. Succory or En- 

 dive. 



It belongs to the class and order Si/ngciiesia 

 I'oh/gumia sEr/iHi/is, and ranks in the natural 

 order of Compositcc Semijtosculosce. 



The characters are: that the calyx is common 

 calycled cylindric : scales eight, narrow -lanceo- 

 late, equal, forming a cylinder ; and five others 

 incumbent and shorter : the corolla compound 

 flat, uniform : corollules hermaphrodite twenty, 

 in a ring : proper monopetalous, ligulatc, trun- 

 cate, deeply five-toothed: the stamina consist of 

 five capillary filaments, very short : anther cv- 

 lindrie-pentagon, tubulous : the pistillum is an 

 oblong germ: style filiform, the length of the 

 stamens: stigmas two, revolute : there is no pe- 

 ricarpium : the calyx cylindric, converging at 

 top: the seeds solitary, compressed, with sharp 

 angles : pappus obscurely hairy, slightly five- 

 toothed (many-leaved, and as it were composed 

 of a double row of leaves) : the receptacle some- 

 what chaffy. 



The species cultivated for culinary use is C. 

 Endivia, Broad-leaved Endive, or Succory. 



It has an herbaceous, annual stem, two feet high, 

 upright, round, thick, and branched : the root- 

 leavesmany, large, subcuneiform, sinuate-tooth- 

 ed, smooth on both sides ; the uppermost lan- 

 ceolate and small, of a whitish green colour, thick 

 and crisp, like coss lettuce : the flowers are pale 

 blue, solitary, and peduncled. It is at most 

 a biennial plant ; but if the seeds be sown in the 

 spring, they will flower and produce seeds the 

 same year, and perish in the autumn. This is 

 more proper for culinary uses than sallads, and 

 not so hardy as the green curled variety : it is 

 mostly cultivated only for autumn use. It is a 

 native of China and Japan. 



There are other varieties, as with green curled 

 leaves, which form a circular cluster close to the 

 ground, twelve or fifteen inches in diameter ; the 

 centre leaves being numerous, very closely placed, 

 and growing to alarge, compact, finely-blanched, 

 white heart. This is a fine hardy variety, most- 

 ly cultivated for sallads and other culinary pur- 

 poses. But the great point is, to have the true 

 sort ; as some have long, irregular, thinly-placed 

 leaves, very little curled, and the heart open and 

 loose. In saving seed, the fullest-leaved, most 

 curly, regular, bushy plants, that bottom well, 

 and have the heart perfectly full, close, and 

 white, should therefore be chosen ; the white 

 curled, which is smaller, having white, very frin- 

 gy, curled leaves, in a circular cluster close to the 

 ground, ten or twelve inches in diameter, very 

 full and close in the heart. 



Culture. — These plants are raised from seed, 

 which should be sown at different times, from 

 (he beginning of June to the end of the follow- 

 ing month, upon beds of fine rich mould. And 

 some, in order to have very early plants, make 

 a sowing about the middle of May. But, when 

 the sowings are made too early, the pJants aft 



