COR 



COR 



CORYLUS, a genus comprising plants of 

 the hardy deciduous shrubby-tree kind. The 

 Hazel or Nut Ttrce. 



It belongs to the class and order Monoeria 

 Pvli/amiria, and ranks in the natural order of 

 AmentacecB. 



The characters are: that the male flowers are 

 disposed in a long ament : the calyx is anament 

 common imbricated on every side, cylindric, 

 permanent: the scales one-flowered, narrower 

 at the base, wider at the top, and more obtuse, 

 inflex, three-cleft 5 middle division equal in 

 length to the others, but as wide again, and 

 covering the others : there is no corolla : the 

 stamina consist of eight filaments (six or eight), 

 very short, growing to the interior side of the 

 calvcine scale ; anthers ovate-oblong, shorter 

 than the calyx, erect; female flowers remote 

 from the males, on a very small subglobular 

 ament, in the same plant, sessile, included 

 within the bud : the calyx is a two-leaved peri- 

 anth (one-leafed), leathery, lacerated on the 

 margin, erect, length of the fruit ; during the 

 time of florescence scarcely visible, on account 

 of its smallness: there is no corolla: the pistil— 

 lum is a roundish germ, very small : styles two, 

 setaceous, much longer than the calyx, colour- 

 ed ; stigmas simple: there is no pericarpium : the 

 seed is an ovate nut, scalped as it were at the base, 

 but little compressed at the tip, slightly pointed. 



The species cultivated are: 1. C. avellana, 

 Common Hazel-nut Tree; 2. C.rostrata, Ame- 

 rican Cuckold-nut Tree; 3. C. Colurna, Con- 

 stantinople or Byzantine Hazel-nut Tree. 



The first is properly a shrub : the stein is co- 

 vered with a whitish cloven bark, which is 

 smooth on the branches, frequently of a bay 

 colour, and spotted with* white; on the shoots 

 it is sometimes smooth, sometimes hairy, ash- 

 coloured and green, with white tubercles: the 

 leaves are alternate, gash-serrate, wrinkled, with 

 hairs on both sides standing out, dark green 

 above, bright green beneath, on very hairy 

 round petioles, half an inch in length. The 

 male catkins appear in autumn, and wait for 

 the expansion of the female germs in the spring: 

 the styles are of a bright red colour, long and 

 setaceous: the flowering branches, especially 

 those which bear the fertile flowers, are set with 

 short fine hairs terminating in globules : the 

 catkins are in pairs of a yellowish green colour. 



There are several varieties and sub-varieties of 

 this plant, as, with white-skinned kernels, with 

 red-skinned kernels ; great cob-nut with large 

 round fruit; cluster-nut with the fruit in clusters 

 at the ends of the branches ; long nut, which 

 is rounded and broadish at top; Barcelona or 

 Spanish nut, which is large, roundish, and well 

 kernelled ; the filbert, which has the tree more 

 6 



erect than the common hazel, and of which 

 there are white-skinned and red-skinned sub- 

 varieties. 



The second species has an upright stem divid- 

 ing into a branchy head : the leaves are oblong, 

 heart shaped and acute, the length of the calyx- 

 being such as to cover the nut entirely even 

 after it is ripe, and rostrated. It is a native of 

 Virginia. 



The third has the stem upright and shrubby, 

 branching to the height of four or five feet : the 

 leaves are a little iaciniatcd at top : the raceme 

 of nuts very large : the nuts roundish, and in 

 shape like those of the common hazel, but more 

 than twice their size : the cups or involucres 

 very large, so as almost to cover the nut, and 

 deeply cut at the brim. It is a native of Con- 

 stantinople. 



Lull-are. — All these different sorts may be 

 easily increased, either by planting the nuts, 

 layers, suckers of the roots, grafting, or bud- 

 ding; but the second is the best andniost safe 

 method for continuing the sorts. 



In the first mode the nuts should, after being 

 preserved in an airy shed or cellar, in sand, be plant- 

 ed in drills in the spring to the depth of about two 

 inches, and a foot apart. When they have had 

 a twelvemonth's growth, they should be removed 

 into nursery rows, at the distance of two or 

 three feet, and a foot apart in the rows, trainino- 

 them according to the purpose for which thev 

 are wanted, as standard trees, half-standards or 

 dwarfs, for one or two years, when they will be 

 proper for removing into the situations where 

 they are to remain. 



For the first purpose, they should be trai ned with 

 a single stem five or six feet high, at which height 

 they should be suffered to branch out and form 

 a head, according to their natural growth ; but 

 for half-standards, a three or four feet stem is 

 sufficient; and for dwarfs, they should be trained 

 with a single stem to a foot and a half or two 

 feet in height, then topped, that they may 

 branch out, and form a low spreading head. 



This mode cannot, however, be fully de- 

 pended on for producing the same sorts' with 

 certainty. 



In the second mode, some of the lowest 

 young branches, which have plenty of young 

 shoots, should be laid down in the autumn or 

 winter season; and when they have become 

 perfectly rooted, they may be taken off and 

 planted out in nursery rows at the distance of 

 two feet, and twelve inches apart in the rows ; 

 the plants being trained as above. 



When large supplies are wanted, the best way 

 is, however, to form stools, by heading down 

 a few trees, nearly to the surface of the ground, 

 the preceding year; as by this means abundance 



