CRA 



Crassula; 3. C. cultrata, Sharp-leaved Crassula; 

 4. C. punctata, Dotted leaved Crassula; 5. C 

 midicuulis, Naked-stalked Crassula; 6. C. orbi- 

 cularis, Starry Crassula. 



There are several other species that may be 

 cultivated. 



The first has a reddish jointed stem, about 

 three feet high, dividing at top into many irre- 

 gular branches: the leaves so closely opposite, 

 as to appear to be in lour rows : the flowers at 

 the ends of the branches in close umbels, of a 

 fine scarlet colour. It flowers in July and the 

 following month. 



The second species rises with an upright stem 

 ten or twelve ieet high, if it be not broken or in- 

 jured, but requires support; the steins being 

 slender, and the leaves very weighty : the lat- 

 ter are about three inches long, thick, succulent, 

 pale green, acute, hollowed above, and having 

 a convex ridge beneath : the flowers terminating 

 in large clusters, of a whitish herbaceous colour, 

 with short tubes, and the brim cut into five parts. 

 The flower-stalk is thick and succulent, generally 

 turning first downwards, then upwards again, 

 somewhat in the form of a syphon. It flowers 

 in July, but does not produce seeds in this 

 climate. 



The third has a weak succulent stalk, about 

 two feet high, sending out many irregular 

 branches : the leaves thick, plane above, convex 

 beneath, deep green, the borders set with a few 

 silvery hairs: the stalk which supports the 

 flowers rises from the top of the branches, and 

 is from four to six inches long, putting out se- 

 veral side branches, which grow erect ; Ihese are 

 terminated by large clusters of small greenish 

 flowers, which appear in June and the follow- 

 ing month, but the flower never fully expands. 



In the fourth species, the stems are very slen- 

 der, full of joints, and trailing : the leaves thick, 

 succulent, heart-shaped, connate, grayish, in a 

 double row, hollow dotted : the stems are di- 

 vided, grow about eight or nine inches long, 

 and are terminated by clusters of small white 

 flowers, sitting very close to the top : these 

 appear in spring, and again in ihe latter part 

 of summer. 



The fifth never rises with a stalk, but the 

 leaves come out close to the ground, forming a 

 sort of head ; they are smooth, somewhat hairy, 

 set with excavated dots, succulent, taper, end- 

 ing in points, and frequently put out roots. Out 

 of the centre of these arises the flower-stalk, 

 branching into two or three shoots at top, each 

 terminated by clusters of greenish flowers, which 

 do not open. It flowers in May, and sometimes 

 again towards the latter part of summer. 



The sixth species is a low perennial plant, 



CRA 



having open spreading heads, very like those of 

 some sorts of Houseleek, growing on the ends 

 of very slender trailing stalks, produced in plenty 

 on every side the parent plant, as on the Cb.ild.ing 

 Marigold. The flower-stalks arise from the cen- 

 tre of these heads ; are naked, about four inches 

 long, and terminated by close clusters of herba- 

 ceous flowers: the leaves are radical, forming 

 roses, ovate, fleshy, gibbous, even, sharpish, 

 ciliate backwards, with" cartilaginous, very slen- 

 der hairs : the root puts forth lateral threads, 

 which are filiform and decumbent, forming run- 

 ners at the end. It flowers sometimes in May, 

 but usually in July and August. 



Culture. — The first three sorts may be easily 

 increased, by planting the cuttings of the stem's 

 and branches in the later spring and summer 

 months, after having been exposed in a drv si- 

 tuation for a few days, to heal over the cut parts, 

 in pois filled with sandy earth, plunging them 

 in the bark-bed of the stove, or in a frame shad- 

 ed from the sun. When well rooted, they 

 should be removed into separate pots, and re- 

 placed in the same situations till fully established, 

 when they may be removed into the greenhouse, 

 where they should have a sunny situation in 

 winter, and but little water. 



The other species may be increased by planting 

 the off-sets from the roots in the same 'manner 

 as above. 



As these are plants of a succulent nature, both 

 in their stems, branches, and leaves, as well as 

 of curious growth, they afford variety anions 

 collections of other plants of similar kinds" 

 They are capable of bearing the open air in sum- 

 mer, in dry warm situations. 



CRATAEGUS, a genus affording plants of 

 the hardy deciduous tree and shrub kinds. Haw- 

 thorn and Wild Service Tree. 



It belongs to the class and order Icosandria Di- 

 gy»ia,and ranks in the natural order of Pomacece. 



The characters are : that the calyx is a one-leaf- 

 ed perianth, concave-spreading, five-cleft, perma- 

 nent : thecorolla has five roundish petals, concave, 

 sessile, inserted into the calyx : the stamina con- 

 sist of twenty subulate filaments, inserted into 

 the calyx: anthers roundish : the pistillum is an 

 inferior germ: styles two, filiform, erect: stio-mas 

 headed : the pericarpium is a fleshy, roundish 

 berry, umbilicated : the seeds two, somewhat 

 oblong, distinct, and cartilaginous. 



The species cultivated are": 1. C. oxyacantha, 

 Hawthorn or Whitethorn ; 2. C. aria, White 

 Beam, or White-leaf Tree ; 3. C. tormina/is, 

 Wild Service, Sorb, or Maple-leaved Service; 

 4. C. coccinea, Great American Hawthorn; 5.C. 

 viridis, Green-leaved Virginian Hawthorn ; 6. C. 

 Cms Galli, Cockspur Hawthorn ; 7. C. tomen- 



