G U I 



GUM 



cell a, Gray Bonduc; 3. G. Maringa, Smooth 

 Bondncj 4. G. dioica, Hardy Bonduc. 



The first has leaves near a loot and half long, 

 composed of six or seven pairs of pinnae, each 

 of which has as many pairs of leaflets, which 

 are ovate and entire ; the principal midrib of the 

 leaf is armed with short, crooked, single thorns, 

 placed irregularly : the stalks are also armed with 

 thorns, which are larger. The stalks at first 

 grow erect, but afterwards twine about the neigh- 

 bouring trees and shrubs. The flowers are in 

 long axillary spikes, and of a yellow colour. It 

 is a native of both Indies. 



The second species differs from the first in 

 having much smaller leaves, set closer together; 

 and below each pair of leaflets two short stiff 

 crooked spines, which are opposite : the flowers 

 are of a deeper yellow, and the seeds are ash- 

 coloured. It makes a good fence, and is a na- 

 tive of the Todies, &c. 



The third is a tree, which has a thick root of 

 a softer substance than usual. Trunk of a 

 middling size, from twelve to twenty feet in 

 height, smooth, with an ash-coloured bark : 

 the°branches are rather erect : the leaves bi- 



fiinnate: common petioles two or three feet 

 ono-, round, smooth, stiff; the partial ones in 

 five or six pairs, horizontal, compressed : leaf- 

 lets in three pairs, ternatc, oblong, entire, 

 smooth, veined : the flowers in racemes, 

 which are long, axillary, round, pubescent, 

 subdivided, many-flowered ; the subdivisions 

 branched, directed one way, bent down ; under 

 these are minute deciduous scales. They are 

 of a white or pale red colour. It is a native of 

 the East Indies. 



The fourth species has an erect stem, thirty 

 feet high or more, dividing into many branches, 

 covered with a very smooth, blueish, ash-co- 

 loured baik : the leafletsare oval, very smooth, and 

 entire, alternate. Therearemaleandfemaleflow- 

 crs on different plants. It is a native of Canada. 



Culture. — The three first sorts are increased 

 by sowing the seeds, which in the two first 

 must be previously well soaked in water, in pots 

 filled with light fresh mould, and plunged in 

 the tan hot-bed. When they have attained a 

 little growth, they should be removed into se- 

 parate pots, and replaced in the tan-bed, due 

 shade being tr'iven. They afterwards require the 

 care of tender exotics, being pretty freely wa- 

 tered in hot weather during the summer; but 

 very sparingly in winter. The third sort must 

 however be very sparingly watered at all times. 



The fourth species may be raised by planting 

 the cuttings, or making layers in the spring 

 •cason. It succeeds best in a light dry soil. 



The former are proper for affording variety 



among tender stove plants ; but the last is so 

 hardy as to succeed in the open ground, in the 

 fore parts of beds, clumps, and borders, in 

 warm dry situations. 



GUINEA PEPPER. See Capsicum. 



GUM, a vegetable disease incident to fruit- 

 trees of the stone kind, distinguished by a mor- 

 bid exsudation of gummy matter from the 

 wounded alburnum, or inner bark. It is sup- 

 posed by Mr. Forsyth to arise from injudicious 

 pruning, from bruises, or any injuries received 

 in the wood or bark, which may happen from 

 strokes of the hammer in nailing, from pinching 

 the shoots by nailing the shreds too tight, or 

 by driving the nails too close to the branches. 

 And it may be occasioned by leaving the foot- 

 stalks of the fruit, or by pruning in summer, 

 and cutting the shoots to short stumps, and by 

 injuries sustained by a careless application of 

 ladders in nailing and gathering the fruit, Sec. 

 but it originates more particularly where large 

 limbs have been lopped or broken off. It may 

 be known before the gum itself makes its ap- 

 pearance, by the bark at first becoming of a 

 brownish colour, and gradually growing darker, 

 till at last the gum begins to ooze out like little 

 blisters. As soon as any of these marks are met 

 with, the infected part should be cut out with a 

 sharp instrument, and the composition and 

 powder applied immediately. In doing this, 

 the gum should be cut out perfectly clean. It 

 may be seen oozing out from between the wood 

 and bark, and must be followed till the white 

 clean bark and wood is arrived at. And after- 

 wards, if any gum should make its appearance, 

 it must be scraped off"; which is best done when 

 it is moistened with rain, as it can then be 

 scraped oft" easily without hurting the bark. 

 This business must be performed without delay; 

 otherwise the disease will advance with rapidity, 

 and greatly injure the trees. 



Mr. Forsyth recommends, that when trees are 

 hollow they should be examined carefully, to 

 see whether any gruhs have entered the bark and 

 wood, which is known by their perforating the 

 bark : and that where there are any, they should 

 be carefully cut out before the composition is 

 applied to the tree. 



It has been suggested by the author of the 

 " Philosophy of Gardening," that this exsuda- 

 tion may perhaps be prevented from continuing 

 to flow, by bmdiug on the part, previously 

 smoothed by a knife, thin sheet lead, such as 

 tea is wrapped in, in such a manner as to pre- 

 vent the gum from being dissolved by rain or 

 dew, as its hardening prevents the exsudation, 

 and the consequent exhaustion of the tree. A 

 piece of sponge, soft leather, or Indian rub- 



