H A N 



HED 



cing upon the hot-bed ridges made in April and 

 May, and also occasionally for melon-ridges 

 made in the same season to produce a crop of 

 autumnal fruit. In the flower-garden, pleasure- 

 ground, nursery, green-house, &c. they also 

 prove very useful in propagating, raising, and 

 protecting many kinds of curious plants in their 

 young growth. 



They may also be employed in raising many of 

 the tenderer or more curious annual flowers, 

 such as African and French marygolds, chrysan- 

 themums, balsams, ten-weeks stocks, and others 

 of similar kinds, where better contrivances are 

 not at hand. See Annual Plants. 



They are likewise useful in striking many sorts 

 of small cuttings, pipings, and slips of tender 

 or curious plants, such as myrtles, flowering 

 plants, and other similar kinds. 



Hand-glasses are of different kinds and forms. 

 The leaded glasses consist of many small panes of 

 glass worked into lead-work. 



They are mostly made square, but sometimes 

 round or octagonal ; in all of which, each is 

 formed in an open frame-work of strong win- 

 dow-lead, and sometimes of cast-iron in the 

 same form; but more commonly lead; the lower 

 part being upright, from six to eight or ten 

 inches in depth, and the other hipped off or 

 sloped on each side, narrowing upward, so as to 

 terminate in a point, as it were, at top, having 

 in that part a fixed erect ring handle of the same 

 material ; the glass being laid in lead-work, and 

 the joints well brushed over with proper cement, 

 to render the whole wind and water tight. 



They are of different dimensions, from twelve 

 or eighteen inches to two feet wide, or more, 

 to suit different purposes ; though for general 

 use in kitchen gardens, about eighteen inches 

 width is the most common, and nearly the same 

 in depth in the whole; but some for particular 

 uses are of smaller sizes, as from six or eight to 

 ten or twelve inches width. 



When laid in frames of cast-iron, in putty, 

 they are neat, strong, and durable ; but heavy, 

 and much more expensive than leaded glasses. 



The bell Hand-Glasses are bjown at the glass- 

 housesin different places, and are equally eligible, 

 or superior to the leaded glasses in many cases, 

 especially in kitchen-gardens, particularly for the 

 preservation of plants in winter, such as early 

 crops of cauliflowers to stand the winter, lettuces, 

 &c. as well as for hot- bed ridges of cucumbers 

 and melons, in the summer and autumn crops. 



These are in dimensions nearly in proportion 

 to that of the larger sizes of leaded glasses, or ra- 

 ther wider below; made in the bell form, having 

 a rough knob at top serving as a handle ; they 

 should be made not too high, but flat and 



dome-form above, which is more idvai fcagecJBS 

 in promoting a strong growth, and noi so liable 



to draw up the plants, while they receive the 

 benefit of the sun more effectually. 



The leaded glasses are superior in this respect, 

 that when any of the glass-work is broken it 

 can be readdy mended or replaced by the glazier; 

 but the bell glasses, when much broken, are 

 nearly useless ; though, when they are broken into 

 piece's, they may be joined with a cement of 

 strong white lead, and placed under cover till 

 it is thoroughly dry; and then, with care in 

 handling, they may last a longtime. Asnew bell- 

 glasses are more liable to crack by frost, or too 

 hasty moving them, than older ones seasoned to 

 the weather, in using them the first winter in 

 crops of early cauliflowers, &c. great care should 

 be taken in handling them, in lifting them off and 

 on, or raising one side occasionally for the admis- 

 sion of air: the seasoned old sound glasses are 

 in this respect more valuable than the new ones. 



The leaded glasses should have wooden frames 

 at the bottom part to rest upon, otherwise they 

 are soon destroyed by their constant contact with 

 the earth. 



HARD-BEAM TREE. See Carpinus. 



HARE-BELLS. See Hvacinthus. 



HARE's-EAR. See Bupleurum. 



HAWTHORN. See Crataegus. 



HAZEL-NUT-TREE. See Corvlus. 



HEATH. See Erica. 



HEART'S EASE. See Viola. 



HEDERA, a genus containing plants of the 

 shrubby, climbing, evergreen, and deciduous 

 kinds. 



It belongs to the class and order Peniandria 

 Mcmogynia , and ranks in the natural order of 

 Hederacece . 



The characters are: that the calyx is an in- 

 volucre of a simple umbel, very small, many- 

 toothed : perianthium veiy small, five-toothed, 

 surrounding the germ : the corolla has five petals, 

 oblong, spreading, with the tips bowed inwards: 

 the stamina have five subulate filaments, upright, 

 of ihe same length with the corolla : anthers tri- 

 fid at the base, incumbent: the pistillum is a 

 turbinate germ, surrounded by the receptacle: 

 style simple, very short : stigma simple : the 

 pericarpium is a globular berry, one-celled (five- 

 celled): the seeds five, large, gibbous on one side, 

 angular on the other. 



The species are: 1. H. Helix, Common Ivy; 

 2. H. capitata, Cluster-flowered Ivy; 3. H. 

 quiitquefotda, Five-leaved Ivy. 



The first is a parasitical shrub, which by the 

 support of walis, buildings, or trees, rises to a 

 very great height, insinuating itself by a great 

 abundance of fibres into the joints of walls, or 



