H E D 



[I ED 



the bark of trees. If no support is near, the 

 stalks trail upon the ground, taking root their 

 whole length, so that they cover the surface 

 closely, and are difficult to eradicate ; for, where 

 any small parts of the stalks are left, they will 

 soon spread and multiply. Whilst Ivy is fixed 

 to any support, or trails upon the ground, the 

 Stalks are slender and flexible ; but when it has 

 reached to the top of its support, they shorten 

 and become woody, forming themselves into 

 large bushy heads ; their leaves are larger, more 

 of an ovai shape, and not divided into lobes 

 like the lower leaves. While the stalks trail, 

 Ivy does not produce any flowers ; and in this 

 state is called Barren or Creeping Ivy : but 

 when the branches get above their support, they 

 produce flowers at the end of every snoot; these 

 are succeeded by berries, formed into round 

 bunches, and turning black before they are ripe. 

 In this state it is called Climbing or Berried Ivy. 

 The trunk, in old trees, is covered with an ash- 

 coloured chopped bark ; in the young branches 

 it is of a green or purple colour. The leaves are 

 alternate, evergreen, glossy, smooth, while the 

 plant creeps, three-lobed, or sometimes five- 

 lobed; but when it quits its support, ovate: 

 they are sometimes tinctured with red, some- 

 times painted with white veins, particularly in 

 the young branches : the petioles are long, and 

 dilated at the base: the flowers are yellowish, or 

 greenish white, in a very close, thick umbel, at 

 the extremities of the twigs : the berry is placed 

 below the receptacle of the flower. It is found 

 wild all over Europe. 



It is observed by Mr. Curtis, that few are ac- 

 quainted with the beauty of Ivy when suffered 

 to run up a stake, and at length to form itself 

 into a standard; the singular complication of 

 hs branches, and the vivid hue of its leaves, 

 give it, he says, one of the first places amongst 

 cver-greens in a shrubbery. 



There are varieties with silver-striped leaves, 

 and with yellowish leaves on the tops of the 

 branches. 



The second species has the stem arborescent, 

 eight feet high in the stove, erect, cylindrical, 

 abruptly branched. The bark brown, a little 

 cracked. The branches curved upwards, leafy, 

 terminated bv flowers. The leaves scattered, 

 more crowded towards the tops of the branches, 

 on foot-stalks, wide spreading, pointed, waved 

 on the margin, very smooth, obscurely three- 

 nerved, veiny, bright green. The foot-stalks 

 various in length, nearly cylindrical, smooth, 

 firmly lixed to the branch by an enlarged trian- 

 gular base. Buds consisting of several large, 

 roundish, smooth, yellowish scales, soon fall- 

 ing off', which are often tipped with the rudi- 



ments of a leaf, and appear like abortive leaves. 

 Racemes erect, branches generally alternate, 

 ending in little round heads of many sessile 

 flowers. The flowers numerous, white, so small 

 that the structure is not readily to be under- 

 stood. It is a native of Martinico. 



The third has long slender shrubby rooting 

 stems, climbing upon support to a very great 

 height, by their fixing themselves in the walls 

 as they advance. The leaves are quinque-foliate 

 and deciduous, being composed of five oval, 

 serrated lobes, closely covering the stems and 

 branches, changing in the autumn to a reddish 

 cast. 



It has been chiefly employed to cover walls or 

 high buildings, which it does in a short time, 

 as it will shoot almost twenty feet in one year; 

 but as the leaves fall off in autumn, and are late 

 before they come out in the spring, it is not 

 much esteemed. As it is not injured by smoke, 

 or closeness of air, it is proper to cover build- 

 ings in great towns. It is a native of Ame- 

 rica. 



Culture. — All these plants are readily increas- 

 ed by their trailing branches, which throw out 

 roots their whole length. 



They may also be raised by planting cuttings 

 of the young branches in the autumn, on a 

 shady border, which, when they have stricken 

 root, should in the following autumn be re- 

 moved to where they are to remain. 



They are likewise capable of being procured 

 by sowing the seed when perfectly ripe in the 

 early spring, in a moist shady situation. 



In training them against walls, &c. it is only 

 necessary to direct a few of the branches at first,, 

 as they soon attach themselves to them. 



These plants are capable of being employed 

 by way of ornament in various situations. 



HEDGE, a sort of fence employed occasion- 

 ally both for use and ornament in gardens, as 

 for inclosing and dividing the internal parts of 

 the ground. 



Fences of this sort are of two kinds, dead 

 and living; but it is only the latter sort that is- 

 made use of in gardens. They are the cheapest 

 and most ornatnentnl that can be employed 

 where walls, &c. are not necessary for v\ all- 

 trees. 



There are a great variety of shrub- and tree- 

 plants, both of the deciduous and evergreen 

 kinds, that may be occasionally employed for 

 hedges; the principal of which are, in the first 

 sort — White-thorn, Black-thorn, Crab-tree, 

 Alder, Elder, Poplar, Willow, Hornbeam, 

 Beech, Elm, Lime, Privet, Berberry, Sweet- 

 brier, Rose, Syringa, and Honey-suckle. 



In the latter kind — Holly, Yew, Furzt ; Lau- 



