H F. D 



H F. D 



rcl, Laurustinus, Phillyrea, Alatcrnus, Box, 

 Evergreen Oak, Evergreen Privet, Juniper, Vir- 

 ginia Cedar, Savin, Rosemary, Pyracantba, 

 and Sea Purslain Shrub, See. 



Outside Hedges. — For this purpose the Whitc- 

 or Haw thorn plant forms the best, which, by 

 being properly trained, by trimming or clipping 

 annually, is rendered quite close, hardy, and 

 durable. 



Hedges of this sort are formed by planting 

 young plants or sets raised from seed in the 

 nursery, which when a year or two old, or as 

 big as a goose-quill, up to the size of the little 

 finger, are proper for this use. See Cratae- 

 gus. 



The Black or Sloe-thorn is also proper for 

 Hedges, and forms a very strong durable fence ; 

 but by its producing such abundance of suckers 

 from the root, it is less esteemed ; and as it is 

 well armed with thorns, and of quick growth, 

 it may be useful where the White-thorn cannot 

 be procured. 



Hedges of this nature may be raised by sow- 

 ing or setting the seed or sloes in autumn, when 

 fully ripened, in one or two small drills or 

 trenches, where the hedge is to be, at the di- 

 stance of five or six inches or more from each 

 other, and to the depth of two or three inches. 

 Where there are two rows, they may be about 

 six or eight inches apart. 



But it is a better method to first raise the 

 plants in the nursery till of a proper size, as 

 two years old, and then plant them out in rows 

 as above. 



The Crab-tree, of the apple, as well as thorny 

 sort, are sometimes planted for Hedges ; but 

 the plants for this purpose should be such as are 

 raised from the kernels of the wild crabs, which 

 conic up more thorny than those of the culti- 

 vated kinds, and shoot more branchy and close, 

 quite from the bottom. These should, however, 

 only be made use of as being of quick growth, 

 and where the others cannot be procured. 



Hedges of these may either be raised by sow- 

 ing the kernels of the fruit in autumn or win- 

 ter, in the place where the Hedge is intended, 

 in drills the whole length, an inch deep, cover- 

 ing them that depth with earth ; or the plants 

 raised first from seed in the nursery, which, 

 when a year or two old, may be planted out. 

 Some plants of the Hedge may, in this case, be 

 suffered to grow up, and afford an annual crop 

 of crabs for verjuice. A proper number of the 

 plants may likewise be used, as they stand in 

 the Hedge, for stocks, to graft on with useful 

 family or cyder apples. 



The Elder plant is also used for outward 

 Hedges where a fence is wanted as soon as pos- 



sible, as being; very expeditious in its growth, 

 though not the most beautiful. Hedges arc 

 rcaddy formed bv planting large truncheons, or 

 cuttings of the Straightest upright shoots and 

 branches, from two or three to six feet long, 

 planted either upright a foot distance, and wat- 

 tled along the top to preserve them firm and 

 even ; or placed slanting across one another 

 cheequer-wise, forming a sort of lattice-work, 

 which is the most effectual method. In either 

 way of planting, the lower ends of the cuttings 

 must be sharpened, making holes to leceive 

 them fifteen or eighteen inches deep, cither in 

 the level ground, or the sides or tops of the banks. 

 The Alder is also proper to plant for Hedges 

 in wet or marshy ground, as being an aquatic, 

 and growing readily by small or large cuttings 

 like the Elder. 



It is very proper on the borders of rivers, 

 brooks, or other waters, as its roots, and nu- 

 merous suckers arising from their lower parts, 

 form such a close thicket as effectually to pre- 

 serve the earth of the banks from being under- 

 mined and washed down. 



The Lombardy Poplar, as emitting numerous 

 side-branches quite from the bottom, and being 

 of very quick growth, is also occasionally em- 

 ployed to form an expeditious outward Hedge 

 along the side or top of a bank or ditch, or to 

 train as a loftier Hedge for shelter, shade, blind, 

 &c. 



Hedges of this plant are formed at once, if 

 wanted, of five or six feet or more in height, by 

 having young trees, well branched from the 

 bottom, heading the top to the above height, 

 and planting them in a single row a foot or two 

 asunder. Younger sets of two or three feet in 

 height may be planted and trained. When de- 

 signed as an outward Hedge, they should ge- 

 nerally have an outside ditch. They may be 

 kept to an orderly thick growth, by proper clip- 

 ping in the summer season. 



The Willow is also sometimes planted to form 

 outward Hedges along the sides of watery 

 ditches, brooks, rivulets, &c. or any marshy 

 or moist situation. They are planted either by 

 small cuttings, or larger long sets of several 

 feet, and inserted in the manner directed for the 

 elder cuttings, so as to form an immediate 

 Hedge. In either method they run up quickly, 

 and may be kept close and regular by proper 

 cutting in the summer season. 



The Holly forms an excellent and beautiful 

 Hedge. It is the best evergreen Hedge that can 

 be planted for an outward fence, as it grows 

 close, and is well furnished with leaves, which 

 being armed with thorns, no cattle browse upon 

 them j and being always in foliage, it arhr.ls 



