xxxvi Notices for a Young Farmer. 



studied. Stagnant water, if suffered to remain long, injures 

 vegetation ; and even its deposits of rich manure have bad 

 effects on some grain, in the first instance, though finally they 

 fertilize wonderfully. Wheat is the most injured by stagnant 

 water - t and is often so scalded and deteriorated, as to become 

 abortive ; and produce only cheat In winter, the irrigation 

 of grass grounds, is held to be most advantageous ; and the 

 water is more nutritive by its deposits. In hot weather, it 

 scalds, and should be turned off, so as to be only occasionally 

 used. 



XX. Always rather understock your farm, with domestic 

 animals. An extra number of Horses, is the most oppressive. 

 No farmer should be without a due proportion of working 

 oxen. The neck yoke is the simplest, but is not deemed the 

 best mode of enabling them to work. That fitted on the fore- 

 head and attached to their horns, or collars and other ap- 

 propriate gears, are, by many, preferred. 



Have no more Swine than you can feed well ; (always 

 rung,) and kept within your own inclosures, if your farm 

 be in a populous neighbourhood. Running hogs are fertile 

 sources of bitter enmities, and petty controversies. A root- 

 ing hog wastes its flesh ; and requires more food to restore 

 it, than is gained by the scanty prey after which it labours. 

 Nothing is better for store-swine, than red clover eaten off 

 the growing plant, But, differently from horned cattle, green 

 clover cut and given to them, will not keep them in good 

 plight. They waste as much as they eat, and do not relish 

 it in this way. 



In a well managed butter dairy, skimmed and butter-milk 

 will afford means of raising a store-pig to each cow ; beside 

 a due allowance for some sows, to produce pigs for store- 

 hogs ; and roasters for the market. Few farmers, however, 

 do so much ; because they will not raise esculent roots, as 

 substitutes for grain, for winter keep of store-hogs. A milk 

 dairy furnishes food for sows and pigs, from the offal and 

 unsaleable milk. 



Let all your stock of animals be of the best breeds : but 

 study useful qualities, more than shewy figures. Yet well 



