76 ILLUSTRATED HORSE-BREAKING. 



to bring forward the bars of the lower jaw, will try, 

 when resisting the action of the standing martingale, 

 to advance his poll as much as possible, by bending 

 the joint connecting the lower jaw to the head, and 

 that by which the head is attached to the neck. 



If the standinof martino^ale be fixed on to the 

 nose-band, it will fail to act in the manner described ; 

 owing to the fact that the pressure thus exerted on 

 the nose by this strap, causes little or no pain ; 

 unless, indeed, it be specially arranged to produce 

 this effect, as in the way described on page 217. 



Nose-bands. — The use of the nose-band is to 

 prevent the horse relieving the bars of some of the 

 pressure of the mouth-piece, by opening his mouth ; 

 an action on his part which will tend to render this 

 pressure oblique, and to transfer a portion of it to 

 his poll. 



