XVI 



PREFACE. 



poor resource is said to have been used in some counties 

 of England, notwithstanding the " great strides science 

 " has made." 



Sheep. Sheep were driven to pasture by their shepherd with 



his dosrs. and at nis^ht were taken back home and fokled.' 

 With goats, sheep provided most part of the milk and 

 cheese consumed in early times ; cow butter is fre- 

 quently named in this volume by way of distinction ; 

 these smaller beasts were robbed of their milk from the 

 teats between the hind legs. A Saxon calendar heads 

 the month of May with a painting representing sheep and 

 goats under the shepherds care. 



Swine. Swine w^ere entrusted to the swineherd, who pastured 



them in his masters woods, or on a customary per- 

 centage of the stock,- in the woods of some other pro-. 

 prietor. He had a perquisite, a sty pig out of the farrow, 

 with another for his comrade or deputy, besides the 

 usual dues of servitors.^ 



Boar hunting. A drawing of a purely Saxon type, in a Saxon manu- 

 script, represents the hunting of the wild boar ; a thane, 

 or as we say gentleman, on foot, has some wild pigs, 

 bristly and yellowish brown, in view ; he carries a long 

 boar spear, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his 

 sword, which is to save his life, if the boar charges ; 

 he is followed by an unarmed attendant, with a pair 

 of dogs in a leash, and a hunting horn. The painter 

 has probably assigned this drawing to the wrong 

 month.'* 



Ilawliing. The same artist has drawn a Saxon gentleman out 



a hawking on horseback, with an attendant on foot, 

 each provided with a haAvk; the wild fowl, ducks or 

 teal, are in the picture, these the hawk dispatched 



' Coll. :\ron. 20. 



- One tliirrl of very fat ones, one 

 fourth, and one fifth of less fat. 

 DD. p. 58. 



'DD. p. 187. 



■• September. To say this painting 

 represents herding swine is a strange 

 inaccuracy. No hand is raised to 

 shake down mast. 



