392 



GLOSSARY. 



)>eo)iocb]jembel — cont. 

 Lb. III. xxix. 1. The berries are exceed- 

 ingly loved by stags, Cotgrave, v. Eour- 

 daine. Gerarde. 



lieojiofc cjiop, Lb. I. vi. 3, probably a 

 bunch of the flowers of hart wort, or 

 seseli. (Nemnich, Cotgrave.) 



]>eo)iC cl3C):]ie, hcn't clover or medic, medi- 

 cago maculata. In lib. xxv. Hart clover 

 is made germander, tcucrium chama'drijs, 

 and there is no doubt about the identity 

 of germander with the chamscdrys 

 of the Latin ; the name germander is a 

 gradual alteration fi-om the Hellenic 

 ■word, and in MS. G. the plant is drawn. 

 In MSS. "V. and A. we see something 

 more like anagallis arvensis, but we must 

 make concessions to these old artists. 

 There is, however, no doubt but that 

 clffijjie is clover, " trifillon [_trefoil'], clfc- 

 " )iie," Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 3. " Trifo- 

 " Hum rubrum, reade cleaure," Gl. Dun. 

 " Calesta vel calcesta, hvit cleaure," Gl. 

 Dun. That we find " trifolium, s^ace- 

 " rupe," Gl- Somn. p. 66 [63] b, line 11, 

 may be satisfactorily explained by look- 

 ing at the Oxalis Acetosella, -which 

 is a trefoil sorrel, abounding in groves 

 and thickets in the spring. The same 

 wort is meant by " Calcitulium, geaces 

 " swre," Gl. Dun. ; for calta is clover 

 with the Saxons ; " Calta siluatica, vude 

 " cleaure," Gl. Dun. ; " wood sorrel " 

 is a frequent name of it at this day ; it 

 was panis cuculi, Fr. pain de cocu (Lyte). 

 The tradition of the word " hart " is 

 sufficient for us ; probably, however, 

 in. falcata and m. sativa were embraced 

 under the name. These were once known 

 as "horned clauer," or clover (Lyte); 

 and since the melilot m. officinalis, was 

 called hart clauer in Yorkshire (Gerarde), 

 that also may have been set down for a 

 vaiiety. Culpepor calls melilot, kings 

 claver. " Cenocephaleon [AeaJCyno-], 

 " heort cleaure," Gl. Dun., may be a 

 misreading of a drawing, since toadflax 

 and melilot hang their heads in the same 



)>eopt clseyjie — cont, 

 manner. " Camedus," Gl. Brux., that 

 is, chanicedrys, germander. 



^^yy ? gG°' ~C' fem., hive. Hb. vii. 2. Lye. 

 Leechd. Vol. I. p. 397. 



)>ill])y]it, fem., gen. in -e, " hillwort, 

 cahnnintha riepeta. Hillwort is pulegiuni 

 montanum in the glossaries, to be dis- 

 tinguished by name and habitat from 

 I)ulegium regale or penny royal. Now 

 the Bergpoly of the Germans, Teucrium 

 polium, is not a native of England, 

 we must then select, as above, a plant 

 which grows on " dry banks and way 

 " sides on a chalky soil," with " odour 

 " strong resembling mentha pulegium," 

 (Hooker). But if the words be of the 

 savour of a version from the Latin, then 

 hillwort will be teucrium polium. See 

 lib. Iviii. ; Promp. Parv. p. 399. 



]>ymele, gen. -an, the hop plant, humnlns 

 hi pidus = hvim]Q (Dansk)=humall, masc. 

 (Islandic). Hb. Ixviii. The female plant 

 is evidently meant by the ewehymcle, 

 coj'ohumelan. Lb. III. Ix. 



The statement that men mix hymele 

 with their ordinary drinks, shows what 

 plant the writer of Hb. had in his mind. 

 That he identifies it with bryony is an 

 error in his Greek. Lovells Herball 

 (16.59) thus, "Hops, lupulus. In fat 

 " and fruitful! ground, the wild among 

 " thornes. The flowers are gathered in 

 " August and September. Bpvov kcu 

 " Ppvonvia, lupus salictarius et reptitius." 

 Most of the early glossaries translate 

 however, bryonia by Wilde nep, and 

 Dioskorides(iv. 184, 185) describes what 

 is certainly not the hop plant. Columella 

 is charged with having confused the 

 bryony with the hop. Lib. x. p. 350. 

 " Qurcque tuas audax imitatur Nysie 



" uites, 

 " Ncc metuit sentes, nam uepribus 



" improba surgens 

 " Achradas indomitasque Bryonias 

 " alligat alnos." 

 The lines hardly support the charge. 



