156 FLORAL SYMBOLISM 



and the Virgin on the wings (outer) of the ' Last 

 Judgment ' at Danzig, all wear crowns orna- 

 mented with fleurs-de-lys. 



In German art there are fewer crowns bear- 

 ing the fieur-de-lys, the crowns of both the Deity 

 and the Virgin having usually the arched im- 

 perial form. But very frequently towards the 

 end of the fifteenth century the rays of hght, 

 which in Italian art make a cruciform bar across 

 the halo of the Saviour, in Germany take the 

 form of fieurs-de-lys. They are particularly 

 noticeable in ' The Virgin and Saint Anne with 

 the Child ' of Hans Fries,' and in a rather more 

 elaborate form in the work of Wolgemut.'' 



There are two saints who have always had the 

 right to wear the royal lihes of France. 



They are Saint Louis of France, in his life- 

 time Louis IX, and his grand-nephew Louis, 

 Bishop of Toulouse. 



King Louis, the saintly soldier who brought 

 to France the Crown of Thorns and, to 

 enshrine it, built the Sainte Chapelle, died 

 in Crusade before the walls of Tunis in 1270. 



' Germanisches Museum, Nuremburg. 



* Scenes from the Passion, Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 



I 



