X] CALAMOCLADUS. 333 



name Galamocladus for "rami et ramuli foliosi" of Calamites. 

 Some recent authors have adopted this genus, but others prefer 

 to retain Aster ophyllites. In a recent important monograph by 

 Orand'Euryi Calamitean foliage-shoots are included under the 

 two names, Asterophyllites and Calamocladus ; the latter type 

 of foliage-shoots he associates with the stems of the subgenus 

 Calamodendron, and the former he connects with those Cala- 

 mitean stems which belong to the subgenus Arthropitys. 



It is an almost hopeless task to attempt to connect the 

 various forms of foliage-shoots with their respective stems, and 

 to determine what particular anatomical features characterised 

 the plants bearing these various forms of shoots. We may 

 adopt Schimper's generic name Calamocladus in the same 

 sense as Asterophyllites, but as including such other foliage- 

 shoots as we have reason to believe belonged to Calamites. 

 Those leaf-bearing branches which conform to the type known 

 as Annidaria are however not included in Calamocladus, as we 

 cannot definitely assert that these foliage -shoots belong in all 

 cases to Calamitean stems. Grand'Eury's use of Calamocladus 

 in a more restricted sense is inadvisable as leading to confusion, 

 seeing that this name was originally defined in a more compre- 

 hensive manner as including Calamitean leaf-bearing branches 

 generally. We may define Calamocladus as follows : — 



Branched or simple articulated branches bearing whorls of 

 uni-nerved linear leaves at the nodes ; the leaves may be either* 

 free to the base or fused basally into a cup-like sheath (e.g. 

 Grand'Eury's Calamocladus). The several acicular linear leaves 

 or segments which are given off from the nodes spread out 

 radially in an open manner in all directions ; they may be 

 either almost at right angles to the axis or inclined at different 

 angles. Each segment is traversed by a single vein and termi- 

 nates in an acuminate apex. 



As a typical example of a Calamitean foliage-shoot the 

 species Calamocladus equisetiformis (Schloth.) may be briefly 

 described. The synonymy of the commoner species of fossil 

 plants is a constant source of confusion and difficulty ; in order 

 to illustrate the necessity of careful comparison of specimens 

 1 Grand'Eury (90). 



