X] 



ROOTS OF CALAMITES. 



343 



of Astroniyelon almost complete. Some of the finest specimens, 

 in which the organic connection between typical Calamite 

 stems and Astromyelon roots is clearly demonstrated, are in the 

 Natural History Museum, Paris. There are several sections 

 also from English material which show the connection between 

 root and stem very clearly. 



Casts of the hollow pith of Calamite rhizomes or aerial 

 branches are occasionally found in which slender appendages 

 are given off either singly or in tufts from the nodal regions. 

 Many examples of such casts have been figured by Lindley and 

 Hutton^ Binney^ Grand'Eury=^, Weiss^ Stur, and other writers'. 



Fig. 90. Pith-cast of a Calamite stem, with roots ; embedded in sandstone and 

 shale. (After Grand' Eury.) Much reduced. 



The large stem-cast of fig. 90 illustrates the manner of 

 occurrence of long branched roots on the nodes of a Calamite 

 growing in sandy or clay soil. The lower and more darkly 



1 Lindley and Hutton (31), Pis. lxxviii. and lxxix. (The specimens are 

 figured in a reversed position.) 

 - Binney (68), p. 5, fig. 1. 



3 Grand'Eury (77), Pis. i. and ii. ; (87), Pis. xxvii., xxviii. 

 * Weiss (84), Pis. ii.— iv., viii. and ix. 

 » Stur (87), Pis. III., VI., VII., etc.\ Zeiller (86), PI. Liy. 



