Descent of Man. 243 



animal evolution) arose from the fact that similar 

 highly complex plants and animals were proved 

 to tenant continents widely separated by deep 

 seas. But Darwin ably met this objection by show- 

 ing how eggs and seeds could be transmitted long 

 distances by the agencies of birds, floating trees, 

 winds, currents, etc. Geology also indicated that 

 the pre-historic continents and seas of earth differed 

 vastly from those of our era, hence, that continents 

 now widely separated were formerly joined. 



On the hypothesis of spontaneous or automatic 

 generation, the difficulty is still further lessened; for 

 the time which ensued between the birth of the ovule 

 and the appearance of the fully-developed reproducing 

 animal, would be sufficient to enable similar organisms 

 to migrate in their natal seas, thousands of miles from 

 one another. Further, the fact of animals being 

 subject to different climatic influences and material 

 conditions daring the various stages of their growth, 

 is sufficient to account for them evolving into different 

 species of the same genus. We can thus understand 

 how men are not all white, but red, yellow, and even 

 black.* 



7. Man's Embryological Development. — From em- 

 bryology we learn that man's evolution in the womb 

 up to the gastrula stage is practically similar to that 

 of all animals. Then after living as a sort of jelly-fish 



* Haeckel divides men into ten species, as follows :—" Papuan, 

 Hottentot, Caffre, Negro, Australian, Malay, Mongol, Polar man, 

 American, and Caucasian." The Pedigree of Man, p. 86, 



