-4- 



duce ..ore vood for the pru' ing sav. Today tne leaves on ac^ny 

 of the tree? liave a yellov/ish tln^je and this one thlnt is ob- 

 vious. This orchard is a fairly good exainple of the presant 

 day co'^viction that ero^tli and tree vi^or lo hand in iiana ■■ ith 

 productiveness. Vlthout an ai^iple supply of nitrogen, yielas 

 are certair to be disappointing. 



A Cli -'Dpf) e_of tiie Pre-Fxperi jient Sta tion Era 



6^ years ago thiere ^as a deart. of infor.nstion ainon^: 

 farmers about matters vhic^; todtiy -^re conujon knovled^e. In 

 the =ibs^cnce of fundamental i:^foriai?. tion their conclusions '-ere 

 sometirae^ a little off. At a .neetinf of fruit cro'-ers in 

 South tiaven, I'^ichijan, in 1874, the question of blight cf aople 

 trees vas under discu:sion. One gro-er voiced an opinion that 

 thiere vere tvo species of apple blight, one caused by Insects 

 and the ot'ier "or. And for tr.e blif.ht not cr-u?ed by insects 

 he " ould reco.uuend twe ui-e of srlt sprinkled on the .round unaer 

 the tree as 8 preventive. He veni on to say th-<t in New hainp- 

 Ehire they used lalt sei'veed ys a raulc/; ror tnelr trees ^'ith 

 great benefit. Anoti.rr fro^er leooit-a finding ~\. s;aall voroi 

 at the end of the blighted t-'if. After aiuch discuj^sion the 

 (roup came to thli' corcluiion. "T.e pr-obabilities -^zre that 

 an insect lays its a^ . in the terainai bud early in thie spri-.j:* 

 wliich hatcher out and eats the pith durinr the r.rovth of trie 

 shrot. The vor:ii in co^iin; out of the liaib, lets: the sir into 

 trie cavity, ca-uses it to discolor, thus checkine the circulation 

 of san, v'i-iich on bright, cle^.r, v-arm days csures the li.;-b to 

 blight." 



Unsolved oroblcms of this kind resultea in the establish- 

 ment of E:<-oeriment Stations t irouf hcut the country. Today •. e 

 can turn to the findip.js of t:-ie research vorker and therefore 

 have leos need to philosophlT-e than die t:.e .rover of the 70' s. 

 Inciaentallv, at the above meetinf, it is reporter that ui&ster 

 L. H. 3ailey shoved a jar of fall vebvorm on an apple tvit. The 

 Liberty Hyde Bciley vnom ve respect and adi-'iire vrs then a lad 

 in ^.ramaiar school. 



A Cra pe Vine at Its Best 



CraDe insects, vlth the exception of an occssional infesta- 

 tion of pluuB moth or of rose chafer, nre selioo: sufficiently 

 'Numerous' to ^rentlv reduce tne crop. In iiiasj achUiStt,. , a "ell irovn 

 vine v.ill ordinarily oroducf: a crop provided black rot is controlled, 

 Often a fair croo is proouced v.ltn no spraying.; at --11. Ti:e rose 

 chafer is fairlv' obU'-ioant around Amherst trds season. Gti a small 

 scale hand pick"in£ of the beetles is reco-^aended. Bordeaux ^iixture 

 serves to r^pel t eiL, vhile a co-i.bination of lead arsenate and uio- 

 lasscs is ppparentlv .aore effecti'-e th?;n lead arsenate alone. The 

 grape vine flea beetle does sooie damae.,e to tie vine but aay be 

 quit<=- easily ccntroMed by the reco^amended .materials, Eoraer.ux 

 mixture and' lead -arsenate. Where ."rape leaf hopper is present, 

 nicotine should be added to the spray. One Sf=rlous infestation 



