.-.§- 



suggests that in a few years the tree would have been partially or entirely on 

 its own roots if the soil had remained undisturbed. Rooting from the scion may 

 or may not be desirable. If one wishes trees on their ovm roots, the easiest 

 way to get them is to plant trees so that the union is below ground. With clonal 

 rooted trees, rooting from the scion is to be avoided and the union must always 

 be above the ground level. (j. K- Shaw) 



Mulch Early. G. U. Darrow of the U.S.D.A. , ebserves in Hoosier Horticulture 

 that low temperature injury in late fall and winter to the crowns and roots of 

 strawberries is one of the important sources of loss to growers in all of the 

 northern states. The advisability of early mulching with straw or other vegeta- 

 tion is stressed. 



More and Better Leaves * According to a Fla. Hort . Soc. report, approximately 

 one half of the citrus plant consists of carbon in organic combination which has 

 been manufactured in the leavog, and more than 30 chemical elements may be found 

 in the ash of the citrus leaves. This emphasizes th.3 importance of maintaining 

 abundant healthy foliage on a citrus tree and the adoption of cultural practices 

 which encourage vigorous leaf development. This suggestion is equally applicable 

 to apples and other tree fruits. 



Potash and >Br ought Susceptibility . A clew regarding the extreme susceptibility 

 to drought of potash deficient apple trees is offered by L.G.G.Warne in England. 

 Studies of the comparative water conductivity of shoots and the leaf area of treeb 

 receiving abundant and deficient supplies of potash showed that insufficient 

 potash results in a decided decrease in shoot length, number of leaves, leaf 

 area per shoot and in water conductivity of shoots. The lessened ability of 

 potash deficient trees to transport water from roots to leaves may help to ex- 

 plain why trees on sandy or gravelly soils are so often unprofitable. 



Pear Wood for T-Squares . A letter to the Keuffel & Esser Company of Hoboken, 

 .'. J., makers of fine T-Squares, concerning a possible outlet for pear wood from 

 Hurricane damaged trees brings the following reply s "The Pear Wood we use is 

 imported and comes to us log run and treated lly a st owning process to give the 

 wood a uniform brownish color. We have in the past attempted to obtain suitable 

 pear wood of domestic growth, *ut have not found any to be satisfactory for our 

 use, and therefore we are very doubtful as to the lumber which you refer to being 

 satisfactory." 



pruning the Cortland . A Connecticut writer in the Rural Now Yorker quotes Prof. 

 A* G. Gulley as saying at a meeting of the Conn. Pom. Soc, 30 years ago, that 

 many people were going to be disappointed in the Mcintosh apple. Then came Dr. 

 W. S. Krout and his memorable v/ork in scab control, who first reported on his 

 findings at a Mass. Fioiit Growers' Ass'n., meeting in Groton in 1916» His work 

 provided the foundation for effective scab control. The above writer says, 

 "We are facing, in the Cortland variety, a pruning problem similar to the iiis- 

 ease problem found in Mcintosh 30 years ago. Pruning the Cortland, vdth its 

 drooping habit of growth takes me nearly 3 times as long as a Mcintosh tree of 

 similar size." But if we are not mistatcen there are othc;f shortcomings in the 

 Cortland, more serious than its habit of growth. 



Nitrogen from the Air . According to a recent report in the Fertilizer Review, 

 there were in 1937 a total of 145 nitrogen fixation plants in the world, an in** 

 crease of 32 sinca 1931, The total annual output of theae faciories is 3,70C,00t 



